CMB2004 Questions and Answer | Latest Update 2024/2025

What is the specific/adaptive immunity? ~~> induced by exposure to an infection, very specific and has memory Describe the receptors in the specific immune response ~~> clonaly distributed, a large repitoire at a low frequency What is clonal selection? ~~> during development, cells rec...

What must an effective immune response do? (4 things) ~~> Be able to recognise and respond to invading pathogen Not over-react to to benign or self Be able to direct different effector mechanisms against different pathogens Links innate and adaptive responses What is adaptive immunity? (3 ...

Pathogens that may infect mammals can include fungi, bacteria, viruses as well as large, multi-cellular organisms such as ~~> helminths The first phase of an immune response is known as as the innate response with the second phase called the ~~> acquired/adaptive The acquired phase is ...

Origin of haematopoietic stem cells? ~~> Bone marrow Site of B cell development to the stage of immature B cell? ~~> Bone Marrow what light chain is expressed first? ~~> kappa If BCR expressed by immature B cell binds to self cell surface antigen, the B cell is removed via? ~~> ...

what does immunological tolerance create ~~> random generation of repertoire of BCR and TCR production of self reactive specificities types of TCR recognition due to random TCR gene rearrangement ~~> - can't recognise self-MHC (die) - recognise self MHC and p from Ag in thymus (+ve then...

What are the 4 sources of infection? ~~> Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites What does the immune system need to be able to do for an effective immune response? ~~> 1- Be able to recognise and respond to any invading organism 2- Not over react to benign or self 3- Be able to direct diff...

What is a pathogen? ~~> A microorganism that causes disease e.g. bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite For an effective immune response the immune system must... ~~> - be able to recognise and respond to any invading organism - not over react to benign or self - be able to direct differe...

Are B and T lymphocytes part of the adaptive or innate immune response? ~~> Adaptive it is the immune memory evolved over time What is the clonal selection theory? ~~> Immature lymphocytes that could self find are destroyed Mature naive lymphocytes are mature until they are exposed to a...