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NR 283 Exam 1 Concept Review / NR283 Exam 1 Study Guide (New 2020): Pathophysiology : Chamberlain College of Nursing $15.49   Add to cart

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NR 283 Exam 1 Concept Review / NR283 Exam 1 Study Guide (New 2020): Pathophysiology : Chamberlain College of Nursing

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NR 283 Exam 1 Concept Review / NR283 Exam 1 Study Guide (New 2020): Pathophysiology : Chamberlain College of Nursing

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NR283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study Guide

Cellular Biology/Cellular Adaptation/Cellular Injury Chapter 1 and 3

8 functions of cells

o Movement – muscle cells generate force to produce motion


o Conductivity – As a response to a stimulus. This is the chief function of nerve

cells

o Metabolic Absorption – take in and use nutrients


o Secretion – with mucous gland cells – absorb substances to be secreted elsewhere


o Excretion – Rid themselves of waste products


o Respiration – Absorb oxygen to transform nutrients to energy


o Reproduction – New cells produced to replace those lost


o Communication – vital for cells to survive as a society (think Osmosis Jones

movie)




ATP

• ATP or adenosine triphosphate plays a major role in that

• ATP is a molecule that stores and transfers energy for the functioning of our cells

, • Specifically it is used in the synthesis (creation) of molecules, muscle contractions, and

active transport




Mitochondria the main job of the mitochondria is that it produces most of the cell’s ATP or

energy.

Cellular metabolism

There are 2 parts to metabolism:

• Anabolism

• The energy using process

• Catabolism

• The energy releasing process




Ribosomes

Ways of cellular communication

Cellular respiration

Anaerobic and aerobic

Sodium/Potassium pump-function, what happens when it fails?, need ATP for this…

, Cellular adaptation-hypertrophy, atrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia (know examples,

pathologic, physiologic, hormonal, compensatory)

Reversible/irreversible injury

Apoptosis vs. Necrosis

Apoptosis (“dropping off”) is an important distinct type of cell death that differs from necrosis

in several ways. Apoptosis is an active process of cellular self-destruction called programmed

cell death and is implicated in both normal and pathologic tissue changes

Necrosis--Cellular death eventually leads to cellular dissolution, or necrosis. Necrosis is the

sum of cellular changes after local cell death and the process of cellular self-digestion, known as

autodigestion or autolysis

Types of Necrosis (liquefactive, coagulative, fat, gas gangrene, dry gangrene, wet gangrene

caseous)

Dry gangrene: Slow spreading, tissue becomes dry, brown or black, it shrinks and wrinkles.

Wet gangrene: Area is cold, swollen, pulseless, moist, black and a foul odor production

Coagulative necrosis. Occurs primarily in the kidneys, heart, and adrenal glands; commonly

results from hypoxia caused by severe 103ischemia or hypoxia caused by chemical injury,

especially ingestion of mercuric chloride. Coagulation is a result of protein denaturation, which

causes the protein albumin to change from a gelatinous, transparent state to a firm, opaque

state .The area of coagulative necrosis is called an infarct.

Types of cells

Cellular Injury (Chemical, Ischemia, Free Radicals, Reperfusion, Infectious, etc.)

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