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Electricity
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Detailed summary of all key points involving electricity. Easy and simple to understand.
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Current Electricity Current in series stays the same
Current in parallel is different
Potential difference in parallel is the same
Potential difference in series is same
Potential Difference
Definition: the work done per unit positive charge.
Measured in volts V.
Instrument used is the voltmeter.
Connected in parallel.
Must have complete conducting pathway (connected to both sides of battery.)
Has very high resistance to prevent current passing through it.
The sum of the Potential Difference across all the resistors in the external circuit is
equal to the potential difference of the battery.
Work is done when the charge passes through a resistor.
No work is done by the charge when it passes through the conducting wire.
Switch open (battery reads EMF if not full pathway to each end of battery.)
EMF
Definition: total energy supplied by the cell per coulomb of charge.
EMF does not change.
Voltmeter reads EMF when no current flowing through the external circuit.
If there is an internal resistor the voltmeter will read the amount of PD dissipated to
the external circuit.
Internal resistor = volts lost.
EMF = I (Rext + r)
r is CONSTANT.
Current is the same as current in external circuit.
EMF = Vext + Vint or Vint = EMF – V ext.
Current
Definition: rate of flow of charge.
Unit is amperes A.
Current is the same at every point in series circuit.
Current splits in pathways when there are parallel resistors (must equal total
current.)
Current inversely proportional to resistance.
Instrument used in ammeter
Connected in series in a circuit.
Has very low resistance (not to affect current flowing though.)
Resistance
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