Summary O'Level Physics 5054 revision guide of whole syllabus
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Course
O\'level Physics
Institution
5
Book
GCE `O\' Level Physics Matters
The document contains whole syllabus of O'level Physics 5054 with solved sample question. Gives a breif information about the topic to the student.
Helps him to attain A* in his/her CAIEs.
Summary GCE `O' Level Physics Matters - Physics: Kinetic Model Of Matter
Class notes Physics GCE `O' Level Physics Matters, ISBN: 9789810164669
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O'level Physics
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RAO ALI HUR KHAN
alihur04@gmail.com
Candidates should be able to:
(a) define the terms scalar and vector.
(b) determine the resultant of two vectors by a graphical method.
(c) list the vectors and scalars from distance, displacement, length, speed,
velocity, time, acceleration, mass and force.
(d) describe how to measure a variety of lengths with appropriate accuracy
using tapes, rules, micrometers, and calipers using a vernier as
necessary.
(e) describe how to measure a variety of time intervals using clocks and
stopwatches.
The physical quantities which have only magnitude and no direction are called scalar
quantities.
eg: Distance, speed, time, length, mass…
The physical quantities which have both magnitude and direction are called vector
quantities.
eg: Displacement, velocity, acceleration, force…
Vectors can be represented graphically by arrows. The length of the arrow represents
the magnitude. The arrow represents its direction.
5N
e.g. A force of 5N pointing to the right.
Vectors can be added to form a RESUNLTANT.
Simple algebraic addition when the vectors act in same line and parallel.
e.g.1
4N 4N Resultant force = 0 N
e.g.2
4N
Resultant force = 4 + 4 = 8 N to the right
4N
e.g.3
4N 9N Resultant force = 9 – 4 = 5 N to the
right
,When two vectors act in an angle, the resultant force will produce in between two vectors as
shown below. 4N
Resultant force
5N
In this case the parallelogram method is used to find the resultant of two vectors.
The resultant of two vectors may be represented in both magnitude and direction by the
diagonal of a parallelogram with the two given forces as adjacent sides.
In an accident, a truck goes off the road and into a ditch. Two breakdown vehicles A and B
are used to pull the truck out of the ditch, as shown below.
At one point in the rescue operation, breakdown vehicle A is exerting a force of 4000 N and
breakdown vehicle B is exerting a force of 2000 N.
Use parallelogram method and calculate the resultant force acting on a truck.
Answer:
First take a scale, for example 1cm = 1000N
Then draw the side A, that will be 4cm as shown below.
,After that measure the angle 45° by putting protector on line A and draw line B up to 2cm as
shown below.
2000N (2cm) breakdown vehicle B
45°
4000N (4cm) breakdown vehicle A
Now complete the parallelogram by drawing other two sides and diagonal.
To find the resultant force measure the length of diagonal.
To find the direction of resultant force measure the angle between side A and diagonal or
angle between side B and diagonal.
2000N (2cm) breakdown vehicle B
45°
4000N (4cm) breakdown vehicle A
Magnitude of the resultant force = the length of diagonal is 6cm, so the resultant
force = 6 × 1000 = 6000N
Direction of resultant force = 25° from vehicle A
Very short length Diameter of a metal wire Micrometer screw gauge 0.01 mm
short length Internal and external diameter Vernier calipers 0.01 cm
of a measuring cylinder
Medium length Length of a book Meter rule 0. 1 cm
Long length Length of physics laboratory Measuring tape 0. 1 cm
When measuring the length of the object, the correct way to read the scale of a ruler and
tape are shown in the following figure. The eye must be placed vertically above the mark on
the scale. This is to avoid PARALLALAX ERROR. If you look from other position the reading
might not be accurate because of parallax error.
, Vernier calipers are used for measuring the internal and external diameter of cylinders and
tubes. Inside jaws are used to measure internal diameter and external jaws are used to
measure external diameter. It can also use for determining the depth and length of a small
object.
Before taking any measurement from vernier caliper check for zero error.
Close the jaws of the vernier calipers and note the zero reading. This is to ascertain if exist
a zero error. There will be no zero error when the zero on the main scale coincides with the
zero on the vernier scale.
When the jaws are closed if the zero on main scale and zero on vernier scale does not
coincide there is zero error.
Put the measuring object between two jaws and fit the jaws tightly as shown below.
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