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Sociolinguistics lecture 9: Pragmatics

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Pragmatics, performative utterances, speech acts, locutionary, illocutionary, perlocutionary, felicity conditions, politeness etc

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  • December 14, 2020
  • 7
  • 2020/2021
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Lecture 9

SOCIOLINGUISTICS L.9
Pragmatics


I NTRO TO PRAGMATICS :

It’s about how we use our word to make a difference in our
world.


P ERFORMATIVE UTTERNCES
An utterance is the use of a sentence by a speci c speaker at a
certain place and time. Utterances are physical events with
measurable qualities, like loudness. Each utterance is unique
They do not just descriptions but can also bring changes in the
world: performative utterances
Examples: “you’re red”, “I now name you husband and wife”*
etc


L ANGUAGE AS ACTION
Some acts cannot be carried out without the use of language (*).
In some cases speci c persons, time and place are necessary
It involves uttering of speci c words


S PEECH ACTS
Less institutionalized examples of performative uses of language.

1


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fi fi :
fi .
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, Lecture 9

Requests, threatening,
apologizing etc are speech
acts. The words are not xed
and can be carried out in
different ways, and can even be
performed without words
Example

L OCUTIONARY, ILLOCUTIONARY, PERLOCUTIONARY
The same speech act can be performed in different words and
vice versa the same words can perform different speech acts
Locution: the words said and their meanin
Illocution: what the speaker is thereby doing, what the words
count a
Perlocution: the effect on the listener, how the world has changed
as a result of the utteranc
De nition: what speech act (illocution) and utterance (locution)
performs can be determined by looking at the felicity conditions
that the utterance meets


F ELICITY CONDITIONS
Pre-requisites the world must meet for the utterance to be
successful. Different speech acts have different felicity conditions
For example, in order for me to order you something I must
indicate what you shall do, I must be in a position of authority, I
must want you to do it etc.

2



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