Japanese Grammar Genki Chapter 1 to 13 comprehensive summary
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Course
Japanese
Institution
Universiteit Leiden (UL)
Book
JPN-GENKI 1 TEXTBOOK 2/E
Discussing Genki chapters 1 to 13. Excluding vocabulary and kanji lists. Examples are included, and not derived from those provided in the textbook, to give you a better comprehension of grammatical structures. Can be used for all study programs and individuals studying Japanese.
Genki Chapter 1 to 13
BA International Studies
Japanese Pre-Intermediate
Learning Objectives Japanese
Content
Section A: Verbs 2
Section B: Particles 10
Section C: Sentence Order 12
Section D: Adverbs 12
Section E: Use of です 13
Section F: Time 14
Section G: Adjectives 15
Section H: Other grammar 17
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, Genki Chapter 1 to 13
BA International Studies
Japanese Pre-Intermediate
Section A: Verbs
➢ A.1: Basic types of verbs
○ A.1.1: る-verbs
■ With conjugation, the る falls of and gets replaced by the
following:
Present Aff. 食べます (たべま 寝ます (ねます）
す）
Present Neg. 食べません 寝ません
Past Aff. 食べました 寝ました
Past Neg. 食べませんでした 寝ませんでした
○ A.1.2: う-verbs
■ The vowel at the end of the verb that contains an う will
be replaced with a similar vowel from the hiragana table
containing an い. This results in the following:
Present Aff. 聞きます (ききます） 会います (あいます)
Present Neg. 聞きません 会いません
Past Aff. 聞きました 会いました
Past Neg. 聞きませんでした 会いませんでした
○ A.1.3: Irregular verbs
■ These are する and くる (来る）
Present Aff. します きます
Present Neg. しません きません
Past Aff. しました きました
Past Neg. しませんでした きませんでした
➢ A.2: Difference in usage between 来る and 行く
○ 来る is used to indicate a movement that is directed towards
the speaker. E.g. my old friend will visit me in Japan.
○ 行く is used to indicate a movement away from the speaker.
E.g. I will go to my friend’s house tonight.
➢ A.3: Invitations
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, Genki Chapter 1 to 13
BA International Studies
Japanese Pre-Intermediate
○ A.3.1: Conjugation
■ 行きませんか
■ 行きましょうか
■ -ましょうか can also be used to offer help to someone.
○ A.3.2: Responding to an invitation
■ Rephrasing “no”: “(object)はちょっと。。。”
■ If one wants to do something different instead:
“(something)はどうですか。"
■ If one accepts: いいです。どこであいますか。
○ There’s relatively no difference between the two forms. Though,
ましょうか is preferred.
➢ A.4: て-form
○ A.4.1: Translations
■ “..., please”
■ “You may.../ May I…?”
■ “You must not…”
■ “I did this and that.”
○ A.4.2: Conjugation
Form て-form Example
～る (る NFて 見る 見て
-verbs)
～う、つ、る NFって 待つ 待って
～む、ぶ、ぬ NFんで 休む 休んで
～く NFいて 聞く 聞いて
～く（行く） 行って ー ー
～ぐ NFいで 泳ぐ 泳いで
～す NFして 出す 出して
する (IRR) して ー ー
くる (IRR) きて ー ー
● NF stands for the dictionary form without the final
う syllables.
○ A.4.3: ～て下さい
■ Translates literally in “Please do … for me”.
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