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NR222 Unit 8 Final Exam Study Guide: Health and Wellness: Chamberlain University
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NR222 Unit 8 Final Exam Study Guide: Health and Wellness: Chamberlain University
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NR 222 Health and Wellness Study Guide Final NR 2222020
Models of Health:
Clinical:
Defined by the absence of illness, signs, and symptoms of disease.
May not seek preventative care or services.
People who use this model may not seek preventive health services or they may
wait until they are very ill to seek care.
You go to the hospital if you need immediate help (such as a broken something
not a cold you caught).
Role Performance945, with performance based on societal expectations.
Illness would be the failure to perform roles at
the ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////level of others in
society.
o EX: If you are sick, you get medicine to help you get back up and running
Adaptive:
The ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change
Illness occurs when the person is unable to adapt
o Go through a traumatic injury and then you get help with adapting to a
new injury (takes a slow process).
Eudemonistic:
Emphasizes the interactions between physical, social, psychological, and spiritual
aspects of life
Goal attainment and meaning
May seek out alternative therapies, council of priest, rabbi, or minister
Strive for equilibrium
o A person dying of cancer may still be healthy if that person is finding
meaning in life at this stage of development.
Reasons why the Eudemonistic model is a better, more cost effective model to use today?
This was adopted by the healthcare system because it pays the hospitals, doctors, etc
more money because people only come when they are in dire need of medical care thus
needing more tests, medicine, procedures done to them and since every little thing costs
money the hospital or facility gets paid either from the patient or insurance company. It is
more expensive for the patient. Also it was adopted because people think they are
healthy or they do not have enough money to go to the doctor for every little thing that
happens to them.
Why the Affordable Care Act can move America towards a Eudemonistic model?
This model is better because you are focusing on your health as a whole and
emphasizes the interactions within social, spiritual, physical, and psychological aspects
of life. You seek out alternative therapies such as ministers, rabbis, etc. It is a more
holistic approach to medicine and therefore costs less since you are using different types
of holistic treatments instead of the big medications from the big pharmaceutical
companies. They don't let their illness slow them down.
,Healthy People 2020:
What are the Overarching goals?
1. Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death.
2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
4. Promote quality of life, health development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages
What is the differences from Healthy People 2010?
Healthy people 2010 had only two goals. Healthy 2010 is very vague. In
Healthy People 2010, it was to eliminate, not just reduce, health
disparities. In Healthy People 2020, that goal was expanded even further:
to achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all
groups.
Define these terms and give two examples of each:
Primary Prevention
Health promotion Specific Protection
Catch it before it starts and make people aware of it.
o Examples: Periodic examinations, massive immunizations, nutritional
awareness and practice, exercise, safety precautions at workplace.
Secondary Prevention:
Early Diagnosis, Prompt Treatment, and Disability limitation
Screenings (MRI, BP measurement, Dental Examinations, mammographs,
diagnostic tests, HIV testing)
Tertiary Prevention:
Restoration= highest level of functioning possible despite the limitation caused by
injury.
Rehabilitation
o Rehabilitative care, hospice, outreach programs, palliative care
Goal: prevent further disabilities or deduced functioning when possible
Define these terms and give an example related to nursing for each:
Fidelity
Agreement to keep a promise
Nurses need to follow through actions and interventions
Unwilling to abandon patients regardless of circumstances
o Even though you promised and cannot make it send someone else
to do it
Non-maleficence
Avoiding of harm
Healthcare professionals try to balance risks and benefits of care while striving at
the same time to do the least harm
o Ex: stopping a medication that would not benefit the patient
, Autonomy
The right of independence- making decisions for themselves
Right to say no
Include patients in decisions
Providers need to inform patients about risks and benefits of treatment plans
Ensure that patient understands and agree to treatment
Always take the time to explain to patient what you are doing
o Ex: Letting the patient go home even though it is against orders.
Justice
Fairness
Often used in discussing about healthcare resources, including distribution of
scarce resources
o Examples: health insurance, hospital locations and services be fair with all
of the patients, have no favorites
Veracity
Devotion to the truth
People whose health is in question are to various degrees reliant on the person
who possesses the knowledge and skills to bring these to bear on their behalf.
o Ex: Always being straight up with the patient and telling the truth.
Beneficence
Best interest for the patient and NOT self interest
Positive actions for others
Understand the difference between these three types of insurance and how people gain access to
these health insurances in the Private Sector:
HMO
Deliver comprehensive health maintenance and treatment services to a group of
enrolled individuals who prepay a fixed fee.
The employer pays a monthly or annual rate directly to the HMO.
The individual may also have out-of-pocket expenses such as copayments.
Go to primary doctor and get a referral for a specialty doctor
Can’t go to doctors outside HMO physicians
PPO
Contracted providers provide services for discounted price
Additional costs if a provider outside the PPO is used.
To control costs, the provider must receive preauthorization from the PPO for a
member to be hospitalized or for some procedures or tests, and second opinions
are usually required before major procedures or surgical operations are
performed.
POS
POS plans allow members, for an additional fee and higher copayment, to use
providers outside the individual HMO network.
IPA
Independent physicians in solo or group practices who provide health care
services to members of an HMO
Group practice model: HMO contracts with all physicians and specialists needed
by the HMO enrollees, but physicians remain independent.
, Some contracts are exclusive, requiring physicians to restrict care to members of
an individual HMO,
Other variations allow physicians to care for members outside the HMO.
Network model: HMOs contract with individual physicians and with physician
groups for both primary and specialty services.
Understand the difference between Medicare and Medicaid: Who gains access?
Medicare:
-Federal Program
-Paid through taxes
-For people over 65
-Disabilities
-End stage renal failure
- Hospice
Part A
o Inpatient care in hospitals, skilled nursing facilities home health care, hospice
Part B
o Supplementary voluntary coverage
o Pays doctor’s visits
o Should not have a co-pay
Part D
o Pharmaceutical costs
Multiple plans available
Medication is not covered
Need supplemental plans (extra insurance etc. anta Blue cross blue shield)
to cover meds.
This company will not move medicate pays for something first
Challenged
o Growth in elderly population
o Depletion of Medicare resources (trust fund)
o Uncovered services (glasses, hearing aids)
Medicaid:
Federal +State funds
Cost up to 50% of state budgets
Available
o Certain low-income individuals
o No age requirements
o Families with children: 5-year lifetime limit
Services
o Inpatient and outpatient hospital care
o Prenatal care
o Physicians’ services
o Nursing facility services for persons >2
o Family planning services
o Rural health clinic services
o Laboratory and radiologic tests
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