Summary of Linguistics 1.1. University of Applied Sciences Rotterdam. .
Samenvatting linguistics 1.1. Hogeschool Rotterdam.
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O&tab;p. 28: phonetics o&tab;ch 14: second language acquisition/learning pp. 208 – 209 o&tab;p. 90 traditional g
May 24, 2020
27
2018/2019
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linguistics phonetics grammar english teacher education english teacher linguistics grammar phonetics 11 years 1
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Summary: The Study of Language (George Yule) 6th Edition
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INHOUD LINGUISTICS 1.1 2018-2019
Yule:
o p. 28: Phonetics
o Ch 14: Second Language Acquisition/Learning pp. 208 – 209
o p. 90 Traditional Grammar
o p. 91 Parts of speech
o p. 34
o p. 210, 213
o p. 214
o p. 92 Agreement
o Ch 3: pp. 28
o p. 35
Sound Foundations
o p. viii: Ideas behind the phonemic chart
o p. x - xi: Three levels of study
o Level 1: Sounds in isolation: pp. 2 – 10 (niet: Discovery Activity 8)
o Level 1: Sounds in isolation: pp. 11, 13, 14, 16 vanaf vowel length, 17, p. 18, 19 (disc act
20 + commentary), 22, 23
o p. 33 – 36, 37
o p. 24
o Level 1: Sounds in isolation: pp. 29 – 31 (incl disc act 33, not commentary), 33- 36
Hancock (English Pronunciation in Use)
o p. 130
o Unit 6 p 20
o Unit 7 p.22
o Unit 27A p.62
o Unit 2 p.12
o Unit 18 p.44
o Unit 3 p.14
o Unit 5 p.18
o Unit 9 p.26
o Unit 12 p.32
o Unit 11 p.30
o Unit 20 p.48
Nelson & Greenbaum
o Ch 2 Word Classes: 2.1 t/m 2.7; 2.24 t/m 2.32; 2.39 t/m 2.41
o Ch 2 Word Classes 2.19 t/m 2.23;
o Ch 3 The structures of Phrases: 3.1
o Ch 1: The Parts of a Simple Sentence: 1.13
o Ch2 Word Classes: 2.9, 2.10, 2.12 t/m 2.17;
o Ch 3 The structures of Phrases: 3.1, 3.11, 3.13, 3.14, 3.18
o Ch 1: The Parts of a Simple Sentence: 1.5, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.11, 1.12
o Ch 1: The Parts of a Simple Sentence: 1.5, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.11, 1.12
o Ch2: 2.18
o Ch 1: The Parts of a Simple Sentence: 1.5, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.11, 1.12
1
, Macmillan
o Unit 20 pp. 96, 97
o Unit 21 pp. 100, 101
o Unit 23 pp.110, 111
o Unit 25 pp. 118, 119
o Unit 27 pp. 128, 129
o Handout Unit 38
o Unit 1 pp. 6, 7
o Unit 2 pp. 10,11
o Unit 3 pp. 16, 17
o Unit 4 pp. 20, 21
o Unit 5: pp. 24, 25
o Unit 14 pp. 68, 69
o Unit 15 pp. 72, 73
o Unit 19 p. 92 tag questions only
o Unit 10 pp. 50,51
Irregular verb list (NOT IN THIS SUMMARY)
Differences when to use: article (a/an) / definite article (the) / zero article (NOT IN THIS SUMMARY)
2
, LINGUISTICS 1.1 PHONETICS
Three levels of study
Level 1: Sounds
Level 2: Individual words
Level 3: Connected speech
International phonemic Alphabet (IPA)
Phonetics -> study of the characteristics
of speech sounds.
Why phonetics? ->So learners develop the skills of finding for themselves the pronunciation and
stress of any word in a learner dictionary.
Articulatory phonetics -> study of how speech sounds are made/articulated.
Acoustic phonetics -> deals with the physical properties or speech as sound waves in the air.
Auditory phonetics (perceptual phonetics) -> deals with the perception, via the ear, or speech
sounds.
Orthographic script -> normal letters for spelling
Phonemic script -> to indicate the pronunciation
British English -> 44 symbols American English -> 40 symbols
Phoneme -> smallest distinctive sound unit in a language (that can make a difference in meaning.
Mine -> pine -> shine)
/m/ /p/ /ʃ/
There are 44 phonemes in English Received Pronunciation (RP)
RP is what we aim for.
Different languages use different ‘sets’ of phonemes:
eg. ph-o-n-e-m(e) -> 5 phonemes. b-o-n-d , b-l-o-n-d , b-l-o-n-d-i-sh
Allophone -> each phoneme has a variety of allophones: slightly
different & acceptable ways of saying the sound without changing
the meaning. /p/ -> spread lips in peel, /p/ -> rounded lips in pool.
Phonemic chart
- 3 main sections.
Vowels: shown in upper half.
- monophthongs (upper left) - diphthongs (upper right)
- consonants (lower half)
: (the colon) -> indicates length
Phonemic set -> every language has its own set of sounds.
English is not a very phonetic language: alphabetical symbols not
the same sounds.
Vocal tract -> where sounds are produced. Refers to the parts: the lungs, larynx, oral cavity (mouth),
lips, nose.
To make learning of phonemes easier, we need to know:
-how (manner of articulation) & where (place of articulation) each sound is produced in the vocal
tract.
Transcribe -> write in phonemic script !
3
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