Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 25 Using Statistics to Determine Differences
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- Nursing research
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- University Of Kansas School Of Pharmacy
Chapter 25 Using Statistics to Determine Differences
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Chapter 25: Using Statistics to Determine DifferencesTest Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What does the two-way chi-square test measure?
a. Whether one variable seems related to another one
b. Whether two variables cause one another
c. Whether an intervention changes the dependent variable’s value
d. Change over time
ANS: A
The chi-square (²) test compares differences in proportions of nominal level variables. A
two-way chi-square is a statistic that tests whether proportions in levels of one variable are
significantly different from proportions of the second variable. In other words, it detects
whether one nominal variable seems to be related to another one.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page 587
2. In an ANOVA calculation evaluating causation, the mean square within groups value
represents the ordinary amount of variation that exists in the data set. What does the mean
square between groups value represent?
a. The effect that the interventional conditions produce
b. The average of all variations in the data set
c. Total variation
d. The differences that exist among the several interventional conditions
ANS: A
The term “mean square” (MS) is used interchangeably with the word “variance.” The
formulas for ANOVA compute two estimates of variance: the between groups variance and
the within groups variance. The between groups variance represents differences between the
groups/conditions being compared, and the within groups variance represents differences
among (within) each groups’ data. Therefore, the formula is F = MS between/MS within.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page 585
3. Which of the following tests is essentially a comparison of means?
a. Mann-Whitney U
b. Chi-square
c. ANOVA
d. t-test
ANS: D
One of the most common parametric analyses used to test for significant differences between
group means of two samples is the t-test. In its calculation, the numerator is the difference
scores of the means of the two samples. In addition, the test uses the pooled standard
deviation of the two samples as the denominator.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 580
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