Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Chapter 39 Questions and Answers Rated A+
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Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Institution
Fluid, Electrolyte, And Acid-Base Balance
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base
Balance Chapter 39 Questions and
Answers Rated A+
What are the primary functions of sodium in the body?
Sodium regulates fluid balance, supports nerve signaling, and maintains muscle function.
How does the body respond to increased hydrogen ion concentr...
How does the body respond to increased hydrogen ion concentration in the blood?
✔✔ The respiratory rate increases to expel more CO2, and the kidneys excrete hydrogen ions
while reabsorbing bicarbonate.
What happens when potassium levels are too high?
✔✔ High potassium levels (hyperkalemia) can disrupt heart rhythms and lead to muscle
weakness.
How does dehydration affect electrolyte balance?
✔✔ Dehydration increases the concentration of electrolytes, potentially causing imbalances like
hypernatremia.
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,What role does calcium play in muscle contraction?
✔✔ Calcium facilitates the interaction between actin and myosin, which is necessary for muscle
contraction.
How does the body regulate blood pH during metabolic alkalosis?
✔✔ The kidneys excrete bicarbonate and retain hydrogen ions to lower blood pH.
What is the impact of hypocalcemia on the nervous system?
✔✔ Hypocalcemia increases nerve excitability, leading to symptoms like tetany and muscle
spasms.
Why is magnesium important for cellular function?
✔✔ Magnesium is essential for enzyme activation, DNA synthesis, and maintaining
neuromuscular stability.
What is the role of bicarbonate in the body?
✔✔ Bicarbonate acts as a buffer to maintain blood pH within a normal range.
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, How does aldosterone influence electrolyte balance?
✔✔ Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys.
What happens to chloride levels during prolonged vomiting?
✔✔ Chloride levels decrease, leading to hypochloremia and potential metabolic alkalosis.
How does the body compensate for respiratory alkalosis?
✔✔ The kidneys retain hydrogen ions and excrete bicarbonate to restore acid-base balance.
What is the relationship between phosphate and calcium?
✔✔ Phosphate and calcium have an inverse relationship; high phosphate levels can reduce blood
calcium levels.
Why is potassium crucial for cardiac function?
✔✔ Potassium is essential for maintaining the electrical potential of cardiac cells, ensuring
proper heart rhythm.
What is the effect of severe diarrhea on electrolyte balance?
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