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BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions Updated
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BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions Updated Matter - ANSWER-Anything that occupies space and has a mass Three Physical States of Matter - ANSWER-Solid, liquid, gas Element - ANSWER-Substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions Four elements that make u...

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  • November 26, 2024
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BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1 Study Guide
Solutions Updated


Matter - ANSWER✔✔-Anything that occupies space and has a mass


Three Physical States of Matter - ANSWER✔✔-Solid, liquid, gas


Element - ANSWER✔✔-Substance that cannot be broken down into other

substances by chemical reactions


Four elements that make up about 96% of the weight and most cells: -

ANSWER✔✔-Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen


Atoms - ANSWER✔✔-The smallest functional units of matter that form

ALL chemical substances


Three subatomic particles - ANSWER✔✔-Protons, Neutrons, Electrons


Protons - ANSWER✔✔-Positive charge, found in nucleus. Number of

protons is what distinguishes one element from another


Atomic number - ANSWER✔✔-How many protons are in an element

Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 1/20

,Mass number - ANSWER✔✔-sum of the number of protons and neutrons

in its nucleus


Isotopes - ANSWER✔✔-Forms of an element with different numbers of

neutrons than protons. Ex; Carbon 12 = 6 protons and 7 neutrons.


Gaining vs. Losing electrons - ANSWER✔✔-N+1 = Losing electron


N-1 = Gaining electron


Electrons = electronegative


Octet rule - ANSWER✔✔-Atoms are most stable when their outer shell is

full. The outer shell has to be filled with 8 electrons EXCEPT Hydrogen and

Helium with just 2 electrons.


Valence Electrons - ANSWER✔✔-Electrons more likely to form bonds,

taken away, or shared with other atoms. Electrons in the outer shell


Compounds - ANSWER✔✔-Putting two elements together


Two types of chemical bonds - ANSWER✔✔-Ionic and covalent


Ionic Bonds - ANSWER✔✔-ELECTRON SWAP- formed between

oppositely charged ions. Ex; NaCl

Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 2/20

, Ions (2 types) - ANSWER✔✔-Charged atoms


Cations: Have a net positive charge (+)


Anions: Have a net negative charge (-)


Ionic - ANSWER✔✔-Something with a charge


Covalent Bond - ANSWER✔✔-Forms when two atoms SHARE one or

more pairs of outer-shell electrons. These bonds are the strongest of bonds.


Polar Molecules - ANSWER✔✔-An uneven distribution of charge Ex; H2O.

Hydrogen are slightly positive, oxygen is slightly negative.


Hydrogen Bond - ANSWER✔✔-A weak attraction between a partially

positive hydrogen and a partially negative atom like Oxygen. Causes

cohesion


Cohesion - ANSWER✔✔-The tendency of molecules of the same kind to

stick together. Ex; sipping through a straw. In order for the water to be

sucked up and stuck together is cohesion


Heat - ANSWER✔✔-The amount of energy associated wit hteh movement

of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter


Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 3/20

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