HESI PHARMACOLOGY PRACTICE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
SILUTIONS LATEST 2024 A+GRADE
Following the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin to a client experiencing an acute
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anginal attack, which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that the desired effect has
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been achieved?
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A. Client states chest pain is relieved
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B. Client's pulse decreases from 120 to 90
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C. Client's systolic blood pressure decreases from 180 to 90
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D. Clients SaO2 level increases from 92% to 96% - ANSWER-A. nitroglycerin reduces
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mycocardial oxygen consumption which decreases ischemia and reduces chest pain
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A client with hyperlipidemia recieves a prescription for niacin (niaspan). which client
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teaching is most important for the nurse to provide
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a. expected duration of flushing
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b. symptoms of hyperglycemia
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c. diets that minimize gi irritation
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d. comfort measure for pruritis - ANSWER-A. flushing of the face and neck, lasting up to
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an hour, is a frequent reason for discontinuing niacin. inclusion of this effect in clietn
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teaching may promote compliance in taking the med.
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When assessing an adolescent who recently overdosed on acetaminophen (tylonel), it is
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most important for the nurse to assess for pain in which area of the body
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a. flank .,
b. abdomen.,
c. chest
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d. head - ANSWER-B. acetaminophen toxicisty an result in liver damage; therefore, it is
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especially important for the nurse to assess for pain in the right upper quadrant of the
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abdomen (which might indicated liver damage)
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A client is admitted to the coronary care unit with a medical diagnosis of acute myocardial
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infarction. which medication prescription decreases both preload and afterload
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a. nitroglycerin
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b. propranolol
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c. propranolol
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d. captopril - ANSWER-A. nitroglycerin is a nitrate that causes peripheral vasodilation and
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decreases contractility, thereby decreasing both preload and afterload
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A client is being treated for hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil (PTU). The nurse knows
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that the action of this drug is to
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A. decrease the amount of the thyroid-stimulating hormone circulating in the blood
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,B. increase the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone circulating in the blood
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C. increase the amount of T4 and decrease the amount of T3 produced by the thyroid
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D. inhibit synthesis of T3 and T4 by the thyroid gland - ANSWER-D. PTU is an adjunct
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therapy used to control hyperthyroidism by inhibiting production of thyroid hormones. It is
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often prescribed in prep for thyroidectomy or radioactive iodine therapy
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Which change in data indicates to the nurse the desired effect of the angiotensin II
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receptor antagonist has been achieved
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A. Dependent edema reduced form +3 to +1
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B. Serum HDL increased from 35 to 55mg/dl
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C. PUlse rate reduced from 150 to 90 beats/min
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D. Blood pressure reducedf rom 160/90 to 130.80 - ANSWER-D. angiotensin II receptor
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antagonist (blocker), prescribed from treatment of HTN. The desired effect is a decrease
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in blood pressure.
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Which instructions should the nurse give to a female client who just recieved a
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prescription for oral metronidazole (flagyl) for treatment of trichomonas vaginalis (select
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all that apply)
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A. increase fluid intake, especially cranberry juice
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B. Do not abruptly discontinue the medication; taper use
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C. Check blood pressure daily to detect hypertension
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D. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication
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E. Use condoms until treatment is completed
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F. Ensure that all sexual partners are treated at the same time - ANSWER-ADEF
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The nurse is transcribing a new prescription for spironolactone (aldactone) for a client who
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receives an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Which action should the nurse
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implement
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A. verify both prescriptions with the HCP
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B. report the med interactions to the nurse manager
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C. hold the ACE inhibitor and give the new prescription
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D. Transcribe and send the prescription to the pharmacy - ANSWER-A. the concomitant
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use of an ACE inhibitor and a potassium-sparing diuretic sucha s spironolactone, should
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be given with caution b/c the two drugs may interact to cause an elevation in serum
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potassium levels.
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A client has myxedema, which results from a deficiency of thyroid hormone synthesis in
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adults. The nurse knows that which medication should be contraindicated for this client?
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A. liothyronine (cytomel) to replace iodine
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B. Furosemide (Lasix) for relief of fluid retention
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C. Pentobarbital sodium for sleep
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D. nitroglycerin for angina pain - ANSWER-C. persons with myxedema are dangerously
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hypersensitive to narcotics, barbiturates, and anesthetics. They do not tolerate
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liothyronine and usually receive iodine replacement therapy. These clients are also
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suceptable to heart problems such as angina for which nitroglycerine would be indicated
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and and congestive heart failure for which furosemide would be indicated
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, A client has a continuous IV infusion of dopamine and an IV of normal saline at 50ml/hour.
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The nurse noes that the client's urinary output has been 20ml/hour for the last two hours.
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Which intervention should the nurse initiate?
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A. stop the infusion of dopamine
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B. change the normal saline to a keep open rate
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C. replace the urinary catheter
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D. notify the healthcare provider of the urinary output. - ANSWER-D.
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A healthcare provider prescrives cephalexin monhydrate (Keflex) for a client with a
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postoperative infection. It is most important for the nurse to assess for what additional
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drug allergy before administering this prescription?
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A. Penicillins
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B. Aminoglycosides
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C. Erythromycins
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D.Sulfonamides - ANSWER-A. Cross-allergies exist between penicillins and ., ., ., ., ., ., .,
cephalosporines, such as keflex. so checking for penicillin allergy is a wise precaution
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Which medications should the nurse caution the client about taking while receiving an
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opioid analgesic?
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A. Antacids.
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B. Benzodiasepines
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C. Antihypertensives
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D. Oral antidiabetics - ANSWER-B. respiratory depression increases with the concurrent
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use of opioid analgesics and other cns depressant agents, such as alcohol, barbiturates,
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and benzodiasepines
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Which nursing diagnosis is important to include in the plan of care for a client recieving the
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angiotensin II receptor antagonist irbesartan (avapro)?
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A. Fluid volume deficit
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B.Risk for infection ., .,
C. Risk for injury
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D. Impaired sleep patterns - ANSWER-C. Avapro is an antihypertensive agent, which acts
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by blocking vasoconstrictor effects at various receptor sites. This can cause hypotension
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and dizziness, placing the client at high risk for injury
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A postoperative client has been recieving a continuous IV infusion of meperidine
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(demerol) 35mg/hr for four days. The client has a PRN prescription for Demorol 100mg
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PO Q3H. The nurse notes that the client has become increasingly restless, irritable and
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confused, stating that there are bugs all over the walls. What action should the nurse take
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FIRST?
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A. Administer a PRN dose of the PO meperidine (demorol)
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B. Administer naloxone (narcan) IV per PRN protocol
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C. Decrease the IV infusion rate of the demerol per protocol
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D. notify the healthcare provider of the clients confusion and hallucinations - ANSWER-C.
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The client is exhibiting symptoms of demerol toxicity, which is consistent with the large
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