Antimicrobial Resistance - ANSWERSThe ability of a microbe to stop an antimicrobial from working against it. (Causes standard treatments to become ineffective)
Community-acquired infection - ANSWERSInfection acquired from communal setting
Hospital (nosocomial)-acquired infection - ANSWERSInfe...
Antimicrobial Resistance - ANSWERSThe ability of a microbe to stop an antimicrobial
from working against it. (Causes standard treatments to become ineffective)
Community-acquired infection - ANSWERSInfection acquired from communal setting
Hospital (nosocomial)-acquired infection - ANSWERSInfection acquired from a
healthcare setting
Bacteriocidal - ANSWERSKill bacteria
Bacteriostatic - ANSWERSInhibits bacterial growth
Narrow Spectrum - ANSWERS-Kills specific organism
-Used when bacteria known
Broad Spectrum - ANSWERS-Affects a wide range of microbes
-Used when bacteria not known
Synergistic Effect - ANSWERSCombined potency of combination of drugs is higher than
the sum of individual potencies
Pan Resistance - ANSWERSBacteria that are resistant to last-reserve antibiotics
Consequences of AMR in healthcare - ANSWERS-Hospital Costs
-Additional antibiotic prescriptions
-Prolonged hospital stays
-Additional diagnostic tests
-Infectious disease specialist
-Increased mortality
-Increasing AMR but decreasing antibiotics
AMR contributors in healthcare - ANSWERS-Antibiotic use (Underuse/use/overuse)
-Lack of antibiotics
-Poor sanitation and personal hygiene
-Inadequate infection control in healthcare facilities
, Overuse - ANSWERS25-75% of prescriptions aren't necessary
Antibiotic use in farming - ANSWERS-Growth Promoters
-Infection Control
1951 - FDA - ANSWERSFDA approved the use of antibiotics in farming
2016 - UN - ANSWERSUN declared antibiotic use in animals as leading cause of
resistance
Consquences of AMR in agriculture - ANSWERS-Enhanced AMR
-Transmission of resistant bacteria to humans
-Contamination of environment
-Emergence of novel AMR
-Negative effects on human health
Problems removing antibiotics from farming - ANSWERS-Loss of profit for
pharmaceutical companies
-Ease of access to antibiotics
Ernest Chain - ANSWERSPenicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent - 1940
Dorothy Crawfoot Hodgkin - ANSWERSDiscovered structure of penicillin using X-ray
crystallography
Penicillin commercially available - ANSWERS1943
Fleming/Chain/Florey - ANSWERSWon nobel prize in 1945
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors - ANSWERS-Streptogramin
-Aminoglycosides
-Tetracyclines
-Oxozolidinones
-Chloramphenicol
Macrolides
RNA Synthesis Inhibitors - ANSWERS-Ansamycins
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