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AccordingWtoWnewtonsWlawWwhichWofWtheseWtwoWforceWisWgreater:WsizeWorWforce
?W-WANSNeither.WForWeachWforceWthereWisWanWequalWandWoppositeWreaction.
DefineWCushing'sWtriadW-
WANSBradycardia,WprogressiveWhypertensionW(wideningWpulseW
pressure),WandWdecreasedWr
espiratoryWeffort
DefineWtheWcharacteristicsWofWneurogenicWshockW-
WANSDistributiveWshockWwithWaWT6WorWhigherWinjuryWresultsWandWvasodilation,Wbradycardia,
WflushedWwarmWdryWskin.WRiskWforWtemperatureWinstability.WNursingWinterventionsWincludeW
maintainingWwarmthWandWspinalWstabilization.
DefineWtheWcharacteristicsWofWspinalWshockW-
WANSTransientWlossWofWfunctionWcanWincludeW lossWofWreflexesWandWmuscleWtoneWbelowWthe
WlevelWofWindustryWwithWpossibleWvascularWresponse.
DescribeWoneWfatWembolismWsyndromeWisWmostWlikelyWtoWoccurWinWitsWcharacteristicsW-
WANSWithWlongformWfractures.WTachycardia,WThrombocytopenia,WandWpetechiaeWrash.
DescribeWtheWcharacteristicsWofWcardiogenicWshockW-
WANSCardiogenicWshockWresultsWfromWpumpWfailureWinWtheWpresenceWofWadequateWintrava
scularWvolume.WLackWofWcardiacWoutputWandWanWorganWperfusionWoccursWsecondaryWtoWaW
decreaseWinWmyocardialWcontractilityWandWorWvalvularWinsufficiency.WThisWcanWhappenWwit
hWbluntWcardiacWtraumaWorWanWMI.WSymptomsWcanWincludeWlowWbloodWpressureWincreaseWh
eartWrateWandWrespiratoryWrateWchestWpainWshortnessWofWbreathWdysrhythmiasWincreaseWtro
poninWandWpaleWcoolWmoistWskin
,DescribeWtheWcharacteristicsWofWdistributiveWshock.W-
WANSDistributiveWshockWoccursWasWaWresultWofWMelWdistributionWofWanWadequateWcirculati
ngWbloodWvolumeWwithWtheWlossWofWvascularWtoneWorWincreasedWpermeability.WThisWcanWoc
curWwithWspinalWcordWinjuries,Wsepsis,WorWanaphylaxis.WSymptomsWincludeWlowWbloodWpres
sureWheartWrateWrespiratoryWrateWpreloadWandWafterload,WspinalWtenderness,WdifficultyWbre
athing,WwarmWpinkWandWdryWskinWwithWaWcoolWcoreWtemperature.
DescribeWtheWcharacteristicsWofWhypovolemicWshockW-
WANSHypovolemiaWisWcausedWbyWaWdecreaseWinWtheWamountWofWcirculatingWvolumeWusual
lyWcausedWbyWmassiveWbleeding,WbutWalsoWcanWbeWfromWvomitingWandWdiarrhea.WCharacte
risticsWincludeWlowWbloodWpressureWandWpreload,WincreaseWheartWrateWrespiratoryWrateWan
dWafterload,WwithWcontractilityWunchanged.WSignsWincludeWobviousWbleeding,WweakWperiph
eralWpulses,WpaleWcoolWandWmoistWskin,WdistendedWabdomen,WpelvicWfracture,WorWbruiseW
swollenWandWdeformedWextremitiesWespeciallyWlongWbones.
DescribeWtheWcharacteristicsWofWobstructiveWshockW-
WANSObstructiveWshockWisWitWmechanicalWproblemWthatWresultsWfromWhypoperfusionWofWth
eWtissueWdueWtoWanWobstructionWinWeitherWtheWvasculatureWorWtheWheartWresultingWinWdecre
asedWcardiacWoutput.WSomeWcausesWincludeWaWtensionWpneumothorax,WcardiacWtampona
de,WorWvenousWairWembolismWonWtheWrightWsideWofWtheWheartWduringWsystoleWinWtheWpulmon
aryWartery.SignsWincludeWanxiety,WmuffledWheartWsounds,WJVD,Whypertension,WchestWpain,W
difficultyWbreathing,WorWpulsesWparadoxes.
DescribeWtheWfourWtypesWofWspinalWcordWinjuryW-
WANSCentralWcordWinjuryWresultsWinWgreaterWweaknessWdistally,WanteriorWinjuryWincludesW
motorWlossWorWweaknessWbelowWtheWcordWlevelWofWinjuryWyetWsensoryWisWintact,WBrown-
SequardW(hemicord)WisWweakWonWoneWsideWwithWsensoryWdeficitWonWoppositeWside,Wposte
riorWcordWsyndromeWalthoughWrareWisWwhenWtheWpatientWisWunableWtoWuseWsenseWvibratio
nWinWproprioception
DescribeWtheWmeasurementWofWanWNPAW-
WANSMeasureWfromWtheWtipWofWtheWpatient'sWnoseW
toWtheWtipWofWtheWpatientsWearlobe.
DifferentiateWbetweenWtheWthreeWimpactsWofWmotorWvehicleWimpactWsequence.W-
WANSTheW firstWimpactWoccursWwhenWtheWvehicleWcollidedWwithWanotherWobject.WTheWsec
ondWimpactWoccursWafterWtheWinitialWimpactWwhenWtheWoccupantWcontinuesWtoWmoveWin
WtheWoriginalWdirectionWofWtravelWuntilWtheyWcollideWwithWtheWinteriorWofWtheWvehicleWorW
meetWresistance.WTheWthirdWimpactWoccursWwhenWinternalWstructuresWcollideWwithinWth
eWbodyWcavity.
MeasurementWofWanWOPAW-
WANSPlaceWtheWproximalWendWorWflangeWofWtheWairwayWadjunctWatW
theWcornerWofWtheWmouth
WtoWtheWtipWofWtheWmandibularWangle.
,NameWtheWthreeWwaysWtoWconfirmWETTWplacementW-
WANSPlacementWofWaWCO2WmonitoringWdevice,WAssessingWforWequalWchestWriseWandWfall,Wa
ndWlisteningWatWtheWepigastriumWandWfourWlungWfieldsWforWequalWbreathWsounds.
TrueWorWfalse:WNPAsWandWOPAsWareWdefinitiveWairways.W-
WANSFalse.WWhenWplacingWoneWofWthese?WOneWshouldWconsiderWtheWpotentialWneedWforW aW
definitiveWairway.
WhatWareWcontributingWfactorsWtoWinjuriesWrelatedWtoWbluntWtraumas?W-
WANSTheWpointWofWimpactWonWtheWpatient'sWbody,WtheWtypeWofWsurfaceWthatWisWhit,WtheWtiss
uesWabilityWtoWresistW(boneWversusWsoftWtissue,Wair-
filledWversusWsolidWorgans),WandWtheWtrajectoryWofWforce.
WhatWareWtheWearlyWsignsWofWincreasedWIntracranialWpressureW-
WANSheadache,W vomiting,WbehavioralWchangesWthatWbeginWwithWrestlessnessWandWmayWpro
gressWtoWconfusion,Wdrowsiness,WorWimpairedWjudgment
WhatWareWtheWfourWtypesWofWshock?W-
WANSHypovolemic,WCardiogenic,WObstructive,W&W
Distributive
WhatWareWtheWfourWtypesWofWtraumaWrelatedWinjuries?W-
WANSBlunt,Wpenetrating,Wthermal,WorW
blast.
WhatWareWtheWgreatestWrisksWforWtransport?W-
WANSLossWofWairwayWpatency,WdisplacedW obstructiveWtubesWlinesWorWcatheters,WdislodgeWs
plintingWdevices,WneedWtoWreplaceWorWreinforceWdressings,WdeteriorationWinWpatientWstatusW
changeWinWvitalWsignsWorWlevelWofWconsciousness,WinjuryWtoWtheWpatientWand/orWteamWmem
bers
WhatWareWtheWlateWsignsWofWIncreasedWintracranialWpressureW-WANSdilated,Wnon-
reactiveWpupil(s);WabnormalWmotorWposturingW(flexion,Wextension,Wflaccidity);WCushing'sWtri
ad,WUnresponsiveWtoWperWverbalWandWpainfulWstimuli,WbradycardiaWandWdecreasedWrespirat
oryWeffort
WhatWareWtheWsevenWpatternsWofWpathwayWinjuriesWrelatedWtoWmotorWvehicleWaccidents?W-
ANSUpWandWover,WdownWandWunder,Wlateral,Wrotational,Wrear,WrollWover,WandWejection.
W
WhatWareWtheWsignsWandWsymptomsWofWdecompensatedWshock?W-
WANSDecreasedWlevelWofWconsciousness,Whypertension,WnarrowWpulseWpressure,Wtachycar
diaWwithWweakWpulses,Wtachypnea,WskinWthatWisWcoolWclammyWandWcyanotic,WbaseWaccess
WoutsideWtheWnormalWrange,WandWserumWlactateWlevelsWgreaterWthanWtwoWtoW4MMOL/L.
WhatWareWtheWsignsWandWsymptomsWofWirreversibleWshock?W-
WANSObtundedWstuporousWorWcomatoseWstate,WmarkedWhypertensionWandWheartWfailure,Wbr
, adycardiaWwithWpossibleWdysrhythmias,WdecreasedWandWshallowWrespiratoryWrate,WpaleWco
olWandWclammyWskin,