NR503 Epidemiology Exam Questions With Complete
Solutions
A case-control study was conducted to assess whether
occupational radiation exposure among men was associated with
Down syndrome in their children. The investigators matched
cases and controls on age of the mother at childbirth by 5-year
categories. When possible, information on paternal radiation
exposure was taken from employment records rather than from
subject interviews. Why was this done? Correct Answers To
minimize recall bias of exposure
A case-control study was conducted to assess whether
occupational radiation exposure among men was associated with
Down syndrome in their children. The investigators matched
cases and controls on age of the mother at childbirth by 5-year
categories. Why was this done? Correct Answers To adjust for
potential confounding by maternal age
A case-control study was conducted to determine if an
association exists between workers in uranium mines and loss of
fertility due to reduced sperm count. A group of 200 men with
low sperm count were identified from clinics located in areas
with uranium mines. Each selected case was matched with a
randomly selected male control on the following factors: race,
age, area of residence, and smoking status. What is the purpose
of matching? Correct Answers Previous studies have shown
that there are racial differences in low sperm count
A disease has an incidence of 10 per 1,000 persons per year, and
80% of those affected will die within 1 year. Prior to the year
,2000, only 50% of cases of the disease were detected by
physician diagnosis prior to death. In the year 2000, a lab test
was developed that identified 90% of cases an average of 6
months prior to symptom onset; however, the prognosis did not
improve after diagnosis. Comparing the epidemiology of the
disease prior to 2000 with the epidemiology of the disease after
the development of the lab test, which statement is true
concerning the disease in 2000? Correct Answers Incidence is
higher and prevalence is higher than in 1999
A disease has an incidence of 10 per 1,000 persons per year, and
80% of those affected will die within 1 year. Prior to the year
2000, only 50% of cases of the disease were detected by
physician diagnosis prior to death. In the year 2000, a lab test
was developed that identified 90% of cases an average of 6
months prior to symptom onset; however, the prognosis did not
improve after diagnosis. Which statement is true concerning the
disease-specific mortality rate after the development of the lab
test? Correct Answers The mortality rate for the disease is the
same in 2000
A disease has an incidence of 10 per 1,000 persons per year, and
80% of those affected will die within 1 year. Prior to the year
2000, only 50% of cases of the disease were detected by
physician diagnosis prior to death. In the year 2000, a lab test
was developed that identified 90% of cases an average of 6
months prior to symptom onset; however, the prognosis did not
improve after diagnosis. Which statement is true concerning the
duration of the disease after the development of the lab test?
Correct Answers Mean duration of a case of the disease is
longer in 2000
, A disease has an incidence of 10 per 1,000 persons per year, and
80% of those affected will die within 1 year. Prior to the year
2000, only 50% of cases of the disease were detected by
physician diagnosis prior to death. In the year 2000, a lab test
was developed that identified 90% of cases an average of 6
months prior to symptom onset; however, the prognosis did not
improve after diagnosis. Which statement is true concerning the
duration of the disease after the development of the lab test?
Correct Answers Mean duration of a case of the disease is
longer in 2000
A group of providers have implemented population-based
intervention and are now assessing the efficacy of the
intervention. Which of the following would be an example of a
population based outcome? Correct Answers Decreased
mortality rate compared to previous year
A large case-control study using multiple recruitment centers
was conducted comparing 2,987 lung smoker cases to 3,013
other hospitalized persons selected as controls. One objective
was to study the association between occupational exposure to
chemicals and lung cancer. After compiling the data, the
investigators noted that 90% of persons with lung cancer were
smokers while 67% of the controls were smokers. The most
practical and efficient way to eliminate differences between the
cases and controls with regard to smoking would be to: Correct
Answers Classify subjects according to smoking status and
compare occupational chemical exposures by each stratum of
smoking
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