Pharmacology - INBDE
Amide - correct answer Local anesthetic category, metabolized in the liver; ex:
lidocaine, bupivicaine, mepivicaine, articaine, prilocaine
Ester - correct answer Local anesthetic category, metabolized by
pseudocholinesterase in plasma, less commonly used due to higher toxicity and allergenicity due to
methylparaben; ex: procaine, cocaine, tetracaine, benzocaine
Lidocaine (xylocaine, 2%) - correct answer Amide local anesthetic, safest in children,
pKa 7.8
Bupivicaine (marcaine, 0.5%) - correct answer Amide local anesthetic, not safe in
children, longest duration, pKa 8.1
Mepivicaine (carbocaine, polocaine, 2 and 3%) - correct answer Amide local
anesthetic, causes least vasodilation, only LA packaged without vasoconstrictor, pKa 7.6
Articaine (septocaine, 4%) - correct answer Amide and ester local anesthetic, has
one ester chain, shortest duration, pKa 7.8
Prilocaine (citanest) - correct answer Amide local anesthetic, methemglobinemia,
pKa 7.8
Benzocaine - correct answer Ester local anesthetic, commonly used as topical
anesthetic
Local anesthetic - correct answer Sodium channel blocker, only non-ionized form
can penetrate neuron membrane
Acidic - correct answer Local anesthetic are less effective in ____ tissues
, Pharmacodynamics - correct answer What the drug does to the body
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer What the body does to the drug
Increases - correct answer Greater lipid solubility ____ potency and duration of
action
Faster - correct answer Lower pKa, ____ onset of action
Vasoconstrictor - correct answer Purpose of ____: prolong numbness, reduce
toxicity, promote hemostasis
0.2 - correct answer Maximum epinephrine for healthy patient: ____mg
0.04 - correct answer Maximum epinephrine for cardiac patient: ____mg
4.4 - correct answer Maximum lidocaine without vasoconstrictor: ____mg/kg
7 - correct answer Maximum lidocaine with vasoconstrictor: ____mg/kg
Larger - correct answer ____ diameter needles have better aspiration, less
deflection, and less breakage
Inferior alveolar nerve block - correct answer Injection, highest failure rate, numbs
all mandibular teeth in quadrant, half of tongue (lingual nerve), lips and gingiva facial to anteriors and
premolars
Buccal nerve block - correct answer Injection, done in tandem with IAN, numbs
gingival buccal to mandibular molars
