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HOSA NUTRITION NIX: CARBOHYDRATES EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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HOSA NUTRITION NIX: CARBOHYDRATES EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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HOSA NUTRITION NIX:CARBOHYDRATES EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Carbohydrate (term) - Answer-name comes from its chemical nature of Carbon (C),
Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O) equalling CHO; REMEMBER 4 kcal/g
Saccharide (term) - Answer-is used as a carbohydrate class and is the chemical name
for sugar molecules; may occur as single molecules in monosaccharides, two molecules
in disaccharides or in multiple molecules in polysaccharides
Simple Carbohydrates - Answer-sugars with a simple structure of one or two single-
sugar units; a monosaccharide is composed of one sugar unit; a disaccharide is
composed of two sugar units
Complex Carbohydrates - Answer-large, complex molecules of carbohydrates
composed of many sugar units-polysaccharides; complex forms of dietary carbs are
starch, which is digestible and provides a major energy source, and dietary fiber, which
is indigestible (humans cannot due to lack of necessary enzyme) and thus provides
important bulk in the diet
Monosaccharides - Answer-made up of one sugar unit; three simple sugars included
are Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose; these are the building blocks for all carbs and
require no further digestion; these are quickly absorbed from the intestine into the blood
stream and carried to the liver where they are stored as glycogen for a constant backup
energy supply or used for immediate energy needs
Glucose - Answer-the basic single sugar in the body metabolism and a form of sugar
circulating in the blood as well as the primary fuel for cells; sources include corn syrup,
which is commonly used in processed foods; is also called dextrose to denote the
structure of the molecule (six carbons)
Fructose - Answer-mainly found in fruits or honey; is the sweetest of the simple sugars
Galactose - Answer-mainly comes from the digestion of milk, sugar, or lactose; not
found in the diet as a free monosaccharide
Disaccharides - Answer-simple double sugars composed of two single-sugar units
linked together; the three are Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose
Sucrose - Answer-the common table sugar; made up of the two single-sugar units of
Glucose + Fructose; can be in the form of granulated, powdered, or brown sugar and is
made from sugar cane or sugar beets; molasses is also a form
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