How is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) used as a treatment for MDD?
Right Ans - induce seizures
What are the pros of ETC? Right Ans - fast acting and effective
What are the cons of ETC? Right Ans - cons: Short-lived, time-consuming,
memory loss, expensive
Tricyclics were originally developed as Right Ans - antipsychotics
What are the "good" mechanisms of action of Tricyclics (TCAs)? Right Ans -
block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
What are "bad" mechanisms of action of Tricyclics (TCAs)? Right Ans -
block Ach, histamine and epinephrine receptors
What are the undesirable side effects of TCAs? Right Ans - confusion,
memory
impairment, sedation, cardiotoxic in overdose
For how long is the clinical effect of TCAs and why? Right Ans - 4 days
(longer in older adults)
because TCAs have active metabolites.
Which antidepressant is the "gold standard" for the efficacy of new
antidepressants? Right Ans - TCAs
Imipramine (Tofranil) Right Ans - Tricyclics
What are the "good" mechanisms of action of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
(MAOIs)? Right Ans - inhibit activity of MAO, either irreversibly or
reversibly
, What are the "bad" mechanisms of action of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
(MAOIs)? Right Ans - MAOa metabolizes tyramine
What are the undesirable effects mechanisms of action of Monoamine Oxidase
Inhibitors (MAOIs)? Right Ans - potentially cardiotoxic if
dietary restrictions are not followed and if adrenaline-like drugs are used (eg,
antiasthma medications)
Selegiline Transdermal Patch (Emsam) Right Ans - MAOIs
What are the "good" mechanisms of action of SSRIs? Right Ans - inhibit
SERT, with little effect on other monoamine transporters
no effect on post-synaptic 5-HT receptors
What are the undesirable side effects of SSRIs? Right Ans - serotonin
syndrome
sexual dysfunction
SSRI discontinuation syndrome
What is serotonin syndrome? Right Ans - cognitive disturbances, ANS
dysfunction, neuromuscular impairment, agitation
SSRI Discontinuation Syndrome Right Ans - feeling electrical shocks
running through the body. It is not as bad if you discontinue slowly versus
discontinuing abruptly.
SSRIs are effective in _____ of people with MDD. Right Ans - 70%
Dual-Action Antidepressants are also called Right Ans - Sometimes called
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
What are the "good" mechanisms of action of Dual-Action Antidepressants?
Right Ans - target serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Right Ans - Dual-Action Antidepressants
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