SPHL602 Review Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025
Epidemiology - ANSWERSthe study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations and application of this to help control health problems
Disease Frequency - ANSWERScount of cases
Disease Distribution - ANSWER...
Epidemiology - ANSWERSthe study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human
populations and application of this to help control health problems
Disease Frequency - ANSWERScount of cases
Disease Distribution - ANSWERSwho, when, where
Determinant - ANSWERSa characteristic that influences whether or not disease occurs
Epidemiologic Research Assumes that... - ANSWERS-disease is not random
-systematic investigation of different populations can identify causal and preventative factors
- making comparisons is cornerstone of systematic interventions
Descriptive Epidemiology - ANSWERSdescribes patterns of disease by person, place, and time
Cohort Study - ANSWERS-participants chosen based on exposure status
Experimental Study - ANSWERS- exposure is assigned to participants
Case Control Study - ANSWERS- cases with diseases and controls who generally do not have the disease
are chosen and past exposure to factor is determined
Choice of study design depends on: - ANSWERS- what do we already know
- frequency of exposure & disease
- time, cost, feasibility
, Assessing Validity - ANSWERS- random error: chance
- bias: systematic error
- confounding: mixing of effects
Random Error - ANSWERS-inference about experience of entire population based on study sample
- random variation from sample to sample
- p values and confidence intervals quantify amount of RE
-sample size determines degree to which chance affects findings
Bias - ANSWERS- source of error in determination of the association between the disease and exposure
- selection bias (how participants are selected)
- observation bias (how info is obtained)
Confounding - ANSWERS- not investigators fault
- mixing of effects between the association of the disease and third factor (confounder)
Hill's guidelines for assessing causation - ANSWERS- Strength of association
- Consistency
- Specificity
- Temporality
- Biological gradient
- Plausibility
- Coherence
- Experiment
- Analogy
Fixed Population - ANSWERS- membership is permanent and defined by an event
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