SPHL 100 Exam 2 Questions & Answers 2024/2025
Atherosclerosis - ANSWERSHardening of the arteries.
Cancer - ANSWERSDiseases in which abnormal cells divide without control. Cancer cells can invade nearby tissue and can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the ...
Atherosclerosis - ANSWERSHardening of the arteries.
Cancer - ANSWERSDiseases in which abnormal cells divide without control. Cancer cells can invade
nearby tissue and can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body.
Cardiovascular disease - ANSWERSDisease of the heart and blood vessels, most commonly caused by
atherosclerosis, deposits of fatty substances in the inner layer of the arteries. Coronary heart disease
affects the arteries of the heart and may lead to a heart attack. Cerebrovascular disease affects the
arteries of the brain and may lead to a stroke.
Cholesterol - ANSWERSA compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues, including the blood
and the nerves. Cholesterol and its derivatives are important constituents of cell membranes and
precursors of other steroid compounds, but high concentrations in the blood (mainly derived from
animal fats in the diet) are thought to promote atherosclerosis.
Diabetes - ANSWERSA chronic disease due to insulin deficiency and/or resistance to insulin action and
associated with high levels of sugar in the blood. Over time, unless properly treated, organ complications
related to diabetes develop, including heart, nerve, foot, eye, and kidney damage and problems with
pregnancy.
Hypertension - ANSWERSAbnormally high blood pressure.
Mutation - ANSWERSThe changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be
transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the
deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.
National Institutes of Health (NIH) - ANSWERSThe primary federal agency for biomedical research. The
NIH has its own laboratories and also provides funding to biomedical scientists at universities and
research centers.
, Sensitivity - ANSWERSThe ability of a test to avoid false negatives; its ability to identify a disease or
condition in those who have it.
Autosomal dominant disorder - ANSWERSOne of several ways that a trait or disorder can be passed
down through families. If a disease is autosomal dominant, it means you only need to get the abnormal
gene from one parent in order for you to inherit the disease.
Autosomal recessive disorders - ANSWERSA disorder in which two copies of an abnormal gene must be
present in order for the disease or trait to develop.
Carcinogens - ANSWERSA substance or agent that is known to cause cancer.
Chromosomes - ANSWERSA threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of
most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Correlation - ANSWERSThe extent to which two or more variables in an association are related— for
example, the extent to which one variable changes in response to change in another
Genomics - ANSWERSThe branch of molecular biology concerned with the structure, function, evolution,
and mapping of genomes.
Genetic disorders - ANSWERSThe group of health conditions that result from genes passed to the
embryo from the parents.
Minamata - ANSWERSVillage in southern Japan made famous by the poisoning of its population in the
1950s by mercury released into the bay by a plastics factory. Most severely affected were children born
with severe brain damage to mothers who had been exposed while pregnant.
Newborn screening - ANSWERSA public health program designed to screen infants shortly after birth for
a list of conditions that are treatable, but not clinically evident in the newborn period.
Premature birth - ANSWERSBirth occurring before 37 weeks of pregnancy.
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