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NUR 439 Study Guide Powerpoints
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NUR 439 Study Guide PowerpointsFertile Window Ovulation occurs about 14 days before 1st day of next menstrual period, approxamately
Day 14 of a 28 day cycle.
Egg survives for 24 horus
Sperm survives for 3-4 days.
Window is three days prior to and 1 day after ovulation
Normal Human Cell Tissue contains how many chromosomes 46 Chromosomes (23 pairs)
- 22 autosomes (control most of body's traits)
- 1 pair of sex chromsomes
-- XX, XY
Genetic testing in clinical setting Is for single-gene disorder
-Down syndrome
-Cystic fibrosis
-Sickle cell disease
-Spinal muscular atrophy
Screening Tests Maternal blood test and ultrasound findings -> Give you likelihood that fetus has a
genetic disorder
Diagnostic Testing Amniocentesis (amniotic fluid and cells) or chorionic vilis sampling (cells from
placenta)
,Embryonic period Lasts from day 15 until 10 weeks gestation (8 weeks post conception)
This is a critical time for development as cells are rapidly dividing and orgn systems and the main
external are developed. During this time, exposure to tetratogens ( a drug or substance that interferes
with growth) can cause abnormal fetal development.
Embryonic Period continued? ·Human gestation lasts approximately 280 days after the LMP or 266 days
after conception.
·Fertilization occurs in the uterine tube within 24 hours of ovulation. The zygote undergoes mitotic
divisions, creating a 16-cell morula.
·Implantation begins 6 days after fertilization.
·The organ systems and external features develop during the embryonic period (i.e. the third to the
eighth week after fertilization.)
·Refinement of structure and function occurs during the fetal period, and the fetus becomes capable of
extrauterine survival.
·During critical periods in human development, the embryo and fetus are vulnerable to environmental
teratogens.
Teratogens Alcohol
Anticoagulants
Many Psychotics
Chemo drugs
Cocaine
Certain antibiotics
Accutane
Most dangerous during embryonic period
,Roles of nursing in maternity nursing Provide care for women in variety of settings: assisting with
prenatal care provider clinics, supporting women on l&d units, caring for preterm infants in nicu,
monitoring women on high risk antepartum unit, assisting with breastfeeding on postpartum units,
assisting CNMs in birthing centers, performing newborn exams at home, and teaching classes to help
families prepare for childbirth.
U.S. we still struggle with having the highest maternal and infant mortality of any developed country
Hormones of Pregnancy HCG - Detected 7-8 before expected menses, peaks 8-10 weeks, doubles around
every 48 hours for the fist four weeks of pregnancy
Progesterone - Maintains endometrium
Estrogen - Stimulates uterine growth, circulation, breast growth, and uterine contractions
Embryonic Period ( Day 15 until 8 weeks after conception) This is a critical time for development as cells
are rapidly dividing and organ systems and the main external features are developed. During this time,
exposure to teratogens (a drug or substance that interferes with growth) can cause abnormal fetal
development.
Chorion The covering on the fetal side of the placenta and contains the major umbilical blood vessels.
The amnion covers the umbilical cord and the chorion on the fetal side of the placenta
Amnitoic fluid with fetal growth As the fetus grows, fluid is secreted by the respiratory and
gastrointestinal tracts of the fetus which contributes to the increased volume.
1.Amniotic Fluid helps to maintain temp and Cushions the fetus from trauma
2.Keeps fetus from entanglement from membranes
3.Serves as oral fluid and repository for waste which assists in maintenance of fluid and electrolyte
homeostasis
, What is the most critical time period Before 9 weeks
Placenta Metabloic exchange (respiratory, nutrition)
Drugs and viruses can cross the placenta
Only 1 cell layer seperates maternal from fetal blood.
Maternal Adaptation Phase 1: She accepts the biologic fact of pregnancy
Phase 2: She accepts the growing fetus as distinct from herself
Phase 3: She prepares realistically for the birth and parenting of the child
Paternal / S.O. Adaptation -Accepting the pregnancy
--Couvade syndrome
--Identifying with the father role
--Reordering personal relationships
--Establishing relationship with the fetus
--Preparing for birth
Couvade Syndrome also called sympathetic pregnancy, is a proposed condition in which a partner
experiences some of the same symptoms and behavior as an expectant mother. These most often
include minor weight gain, altered hormone levels, morning nausea, and disturbed sleep patterns.
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy -Amenorrhea
-Nausea and vomiting
-Breast tenderness
-Urinary frequency
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