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BIOL 250 Exam 1 Test, Study Guide questions with correct answers
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BIOL 250 Exam 1 Test, Study Guidequestions with correct answers
A pure culture
A) is sterile.
B) is a population of identical cells.
C) is made of a precisely defined chemical medium.
D) contains one microbial cell. - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔B
Microbial cells first evolved on Earth approximately ________ _______ years ago.
A) 1.6 to 1.8 million
B) 7.0 to 7.2 million
C) 3.8 to 3.9 billion
D) 10.5 to 11.5 billion
E) None of the above - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔C
Predict how Pasteur's conclusions on spontaneous generation with swan flasks
would have changed if he worked with and maintained the flasks in a laminar flow
hood (where the air is sterile).
A) Sterilization of the swan flask solutions would not have been necessary to reject spontaneous
generation. If he did sterilize the flasks, the spontaneous generation hypothesis would have been
supported.
B) His incubation times would not have been sufficient to refute spontaneous generation.
,C) Pasteur's flasks never would have putrefied, and the experiment would not have refuted
spontaneous generation.
D) Viruses would have still been present, and his conclusion would have been unchanged. - **
VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔C
Of the structures listed below, which one is found in the outer most membrane of a Gram-negative
cell?
A) Ribosomes
B) The peptidoglycan layer
C) The periplasm
D) LPS (lipopolysaccharide) layer - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔D
Gram-positive bacteria stain _____ with a Gram stain reaction because they have a __________
peptidoglycan layer than Gram-negative bacteria.
A) red / thinner
B) purple/ thinner
C) purple / thicker
D) red / thicker - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔C
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
A) Flagella allow bacteria to glide
B) Flagella allow bacteria to swim
C) The directed movement of bacterial cells in response to a gradient of a chemical, is called
chemotaxis
D) A and C are correct
E) B and C are correct - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔E
,Electron microscopy has _________ ________ than light microscopy, because the wavelengths of
electrons are much ___________ than the wavelength of visible light.
A) higher resolution/smaller
B) lower magnification/larger
C) higher resolution/larger
D) lower resolution/smaller - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A
Which of the following statements are false:
A) Poly-β-alkanoates (PHA) such as poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) are carbon- and energy-storing
polymers that can be used to produce biodegradable plastics.
B) A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is to confer buoyancy on cells by decreasing their
density
C) A major function of the cytoplasmic membrane in prokaryotes is to act as a permeability barrier.
D) Scanning electron microscopy can be used to visualize the different layers of the cell
membrane(s) and cell wall - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔D
From the standpoint of the microorganism, in glycolysis the useful product(s) are
A) Anabolic intermediates
B) ATP
C) Fermentation products such as lactic acid and ethanol
D) Both (A) and (B)
E) (A), (B), and (C) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔D
During respiration electrons from the __________ of substrates are used to ________ a terminal
electron acceptor that is either oxygen (aerobic respiration) or some other inorganic compound
(anaerobic respiration).
, A) reduction / oxidize
B) transport / degrade
C) oxidation / reduce
D) none of the above - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔C
Which intermediate compound(s) in the citric acid cycle is/are often used for biosynthetic pathways
as well as carbon catabolism?
A) α-ketoglutarate
B) oxaloacetate
C) acetyl~CoA
D) All of the above
E) None of the above - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔D
Which pathway(s) are used to obtain anabolic intermediates:
A) Pentose phosphate pathway
B) Glycolysis
C) Citric acid cycle
D) All the above
E) None of the above - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔D
Which statement is FALSE?
A) Electron transport systems mediate transfer of electrons and conserve some of the energy released
during transfer and use it to synthesize ATP
B) In electron transport systems, the electron carriers are membrane associated.
C) Fermentation requires a fully functional electron transport chain so that a proton gradient can be
formed and drive the synthesis of ATP.
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