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NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology 2024-2025
NR 507 Midterm Adv Patho Latest Exam Questions with
Correct Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed | Graded A+ |
Read All Instructions Carefully and Answer All the
Questions Correctly Good Luck: -
Hypertension - =Answer>> consistent elevation of
systemic arterial blood pressure, increases in cardiac
output or total peripheral resistance or both. CO is
increased by any condition that increases HR or SV,
whereas peripheral resistance is increased by any
factor that increases blood viscosity or reduces vessel
diameter (vasoconstriction)
primary hypertension - =Answer>> Essential or
idiopathic hypertension
Genetic and environmental factors
Affects 92% to 95% of individuals with hypertension
secondary hypertension - =Answer>> high blood
pressure caused by the effects of another disease.
Example (renal artery stenosis, kidney atrophy,
increase in plasma renin)
calcium binding - =Answer>> Binding of calcium to
subunit of troponin
Induces conformation change in troponin
Troponin-tropomyosin complex moved
Myosin binding sites of actin exposed
Troponin - =Answer>> regulatory protein that binds
to actin, tropomyosin, and calcium. Integral to muscle
contraction in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, but
not smooth muscle
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Cardiac Output (CO) - =Answer>> volume of blood
ejected by each ventricle per minute
CO= HRx SV
Ejection Fraction (EF) - =Answer>> calculation of how
much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction
SV / EDV
55-70% of ventricular blood ejected/ systole
cardiac contractility (inotropic) - =Answer>> Force
generated at any given end diastolic volume
Increased:
sympathetic stimulation (anxiety, increased thyroxine)
Decreased:
low ATP levels (inschemia, hypoxia, acidosis)
preload (venous return) - =Answer>> volume of blood
in ventricles at end of diastole
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