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LATEST BIO 171 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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LATEST BIO 171 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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LATEST BIO 171 EXAM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
photosynthesis - ANSWER process by which organisms convert light energy to
chemical energy
autotrophs - ANSWER producers of the biosphere
photoautotrophs - ANSWER autotrophs that use energy from sunlight to
synthesize organic molecules by photosynthesis
heterotrophs - ANSWER organisms that derive their organic material by
consuming all or part of other organisms
cell division - ANSWER reproduction of cells: allows for continuity of life;
controlled process resulting in genetically identical daughter cells
cell cycle - ANSWER life of a cell from formation to to its own division
cells duplicate their genetic material - ANSWER before they divide, ensuring
that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic code
genome ANSWER all of the DNA in a cell
chromosomes ANSWER what DNA molecules are packaged into, and it is
formed by several levels of coiling around proteins
,chromatin ANSWER combined DNA and protein complex
sister chromatids ANSWER connected copies of the chromosome
centromere ANSWER narrow "waist" of the duplicated chromosome, where the
two chromatids are most closely attached
somatic cells- ANSWER typical cells of the body, contain the full genome, the
full set of chromosomes
gametes- ANSWER reproductive cells including sperm and eggs, contain half
the chromosomes in somatic cells
meiosis- ANSWER process that produces gametes (sperm and egg); yields
nonidentical daughter cells
Interphase- ANSWER cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation
for cell division
mitotic (M) phase - ANSWER mitosis and cytokinesis
sub phases of Interphase - ANSWER G1 phase ("first gap"), S phase
("synthesis"), G2 phase ("second gap")
S phase - ANSWER only phase where the chromosomes are duplicated
Mitosis - ANSWER division of duplicated chromosomes: prophase,
prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
, G2 of interphase - ANSWER chromosomes have been replicated but aren't
condensed; two *centrosomes* have developed that will organize the mitotic
spindle
mitotic spindle - ANSWER a structure composed of microtubules that guides
chromosome movement during mitosis
aster - ANSWER a radial array of short microtubules - extends from each
centrosome in the spindle.
Prophase - ANSWER Chromatin is condensed into discrete duplicated
chromosomes that appear as pairs of identical sister chromatids joined at their
centromeres
Prometaphase - ANSWER Nuclear envelope fragments. Each of the two sister
chromatids of each duplicated chromosome has a kinetochore protein to which
the microtubules of the spindle attach
Metaphase - ANSWER The chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a
plane equal distance from the two centrosomes
Anaphase - ANSWER Sister chromatids of each pair separate and move
towards opposite centrosomes. The cell elongates as the microtubules not
attached to kinetochores lengthen
Telophase - ANSWER Two daughter nuclei form in the cell. The chromosomes
become less condensed. Spindle microtubules are depolymerized
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