,1. Multiple Choice: Which command is used to display the
amount of free and used memory in the system?
a) free
b) top
c) vmstat
d) memshow
ANS: a) free
Rationale: The 'free' command is used in Linux to display the
total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the
system, as well as the buffers used by the kernel.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The _______ command is used to compare
two files line by line.
ANS: diff
Rationale: The 'diff' command is used to perform a line-by-line
comparison of the contents of two files.
3. True/False: The 'grep' command can only be used to search for
strings in text files.
ANS: False
, Rationale: The 'grep' command is a powerful utility available on
Linux systems that can search for strings not only in text files but
also in any stream of text, such as pipeline outputs.
4. Multiple Response: Which of the following are valid I/O
redirection operators in Bash?
a) >
b) <<
c) %>
d) &
ANSs: a) >, b) <<
Rationale: In Bash, '>' is used for output redirection, and '<<' is
used for here documents. The other options are not valid I/O
redirection operators in Bash.
5. Multiple Choice: What is the purpose of the 'chroot' command
in Linux?
a) Change the root directory
b) Change file permissions
c) Change user ownership of a file
d) Change the hostname
ANS: a) Change the root directory
, Rationale: The 'chroot' command changes the root directory to
that specified in the command. This is often used for system
maintenance or to run a program in a separate filesystem.
6. Fill-in-the-Blank: To search for a specific process using its ID,
the _______ command followed by the process ID can be used.
ANS: ps
Rationale: The 'ps' command is used to display information
about active processes. When used with a process ID, it can
provide details about that specific process.
7. True/False: The 'ls' command can be used to list the contents of
a directory, including hidden files.
ANS: True
Rationale: The 'ls' command lists the contents of a directory.
When used with the -a option, it includes hidden files (those
starting with a dot) in the listing.
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