Nursing 328 Final Exam Questions And Actual Answers.
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Course
NR 328
Institution
NR 328
Why do external reproductive structures enlarge during pregnancy? - Answer D/t increased vascularity.
Nipples enlarge, become more erectile and darken. Breasts are fuller and heavier. As blood vessels enlarge, veins beneath the skin of the breasts become more visible.
Cervix softens, takes...
Nursing 328 Final Exam Questions And
Actual Answers.
Why do external reproductive structures enlarge during pregnancy? - Answer D/t increased vascularity.
Nipples enlarge, become more erectile and darken. Breasts are fuller and heavier. As blood vessels
enlarge, veins beneath the skin of the breasts become more visible.
Cervix softens, takes on bluish colour during second month due to increased vasculature as well
What does estrogen and progesterone cause? - Answer The uterus to lengthen and enlarge
What organ produces estrogen and progesterone until the placenta is formed and functioning? - Answer
The corpus luteum
What is leukorrhea? - Answer White, thick, odourless and acidic vaginal secretions which increase. The
acidity helps prevent bacterial infections but can increase yeast infections
What hormones does the placenta secrete? - Answer hCG, hPL, relaxin and prostaglandins,
progesterone and estrogen
What does hPL stand for? - Answer human placental lactogen but AKA human chorionic
somatomammotropin
What does hPL do? - Answer Promotes fat breakdown, providing the pt with an alternative source of
energy so that glucose is available for fetal growth.
What other hormones have an impact on the action of insulin? - Answer Estrogen
Progesterone
Cortisol
hPL
,resulting in increased insulin need throughout pregnancy
What do prostaglandins do during pregnancy? - Answer Affect smooth muscle contractility to such an
extent that they may trigger labour at pregnancy's term
What can high levels of estrogen and progesterone do in relation to the pituitary gland? - Answer stop
the pituitary gland from producing follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Increased
production of growth hormone and melanocyte-stimulating hormone causes skin pigment changes
How is the thyroid gland affected during pregnancy? - Answer the thyroid gland's production of
thyroxin binding protein increases causing total thyroxine (T4) levels to rise. Bc of the amount of
unbound T4 doesn't increase, these thyroid changes don't cause hyperthyroidism; however, they
increase BMR, CO, HR, vasodilation and heat intolerance.
How much does BMR increase during the second and third trimesters? - Answer 20% as the growing
fetus places additional demands for energy.
Does the adrenal gland change during pregnancy? - Answer Yes, it increases production of
corticosteroid and aldosterone increases which increases fluid retention in case of PPH and to have a
larger circulating blood volume to get nutrients to fetus.
What does the pancreas do in response to additional glucocorticoids being produced? - Answer
Increases insulin production
How is the resp system changed during pregnancy? - Answer Diaphragm rises, preventing lungs from
fully expanding so it compensates by increasing its outward expansion. We have more thoracic breathing
How is the diaphragm able to expand outwards? - Answer The progesterone relaxes ligaments that join
the rib cage
What effect can increased estrogen have on the resp system? - Answer Can lead to increased
vascularity of upper resp tract. As a result, the pt may develop resp congestion, voice changes and
epistaxis as capillaries become engorged in the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and vocal cords.
, How much more air do you breath in during pregnancy? - Answer 30-40%
What can an elevated diaphragm cause? - Answer Decreased functional residue capacity, which
contributes to hyperventilation.
How do mothers protect the fetus from excessive levels of CO2? - Answer Hyperventilation
Is the BP higher or lower in pregnancy? - Answer In most woman, BP actually decreases slightly during
second trimester bc of the lowered peripheral resistances to circulation that occurs as placenta rapidly
expands.
Why does the heart enlarge during pregnancy? - Answer Due to increased blood volume and CO
What are some blood changes that occurs during pregnancy? - Answer Blood is able to clot more easily
d/t increased lvls of clotting factors.
Fibrinogen levels are increased to prevent hemorrhage
Why would a woman have anemia during pregnancy if blood volume increases? - Answer As plasma
volume first increases, the concentration of hemoglobin and erythrocytes may decline, giving the
woman physiological anemia or pseudo anemia
Body's demand for iron is increased bc it promotes RBC production and accommodates the increased
blood volume
Why do women feel the increased need to pee during pregnancy? - Answer The pressure of uterus on
bladder
Hormonal changes relax bladder
Dilation of renal pelves and ureters d/t smooth muscle relaxation from progesterone & estrogen
Why are women more at risk for UTIs when pregnant? - Answer Smooth muscle of utterers undergo
hypertrophy causes changes to slow flow of urine
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