Exam (elaborations)
NUR 3111 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NUR 3111 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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Cardiovascular changes in older adults - ANSWER -Myocardial hypertrophy-Increased fibrosis
-Calcium and fat deposits
-Slower heart recovery rate to stress
-Orthostatic hypotension
what is fibrosis - ANSWER describes the development of fibrous connective
tissue as a reparative response to injury or damage.
what does increased fibrosis lead to - ANSWER reduced stroke volume
reduced stroke volume - ANSWER weaker pulse
Age-related respiratory changes - ANSWER -Diminished respiratory
efficiency
-Reduced maximal inspiratory and expiratory force
-Lung mass decreases and residual volume increases
-Smoking most significant risk factor
Age-related integumentary changes - ANSWER -Epidural proliferation
decreases, dermis becomes thinner
-Elastic fibers are reduced and collagen becomes stiffer
-subcutaneous fat diminishes: less likely to conserve body heat
-Loss of resiliency with wrinkling and sagging of the skin
-Hair pigmentation may change, and balding may occur
Age related reproductive changes female - ANSWER -Female: vaginal
narrowing, decreased elasticity; decreased vaginal secretions, involution, and
decreased tone
, Age related reproductive changes male - ANSWER Male: less firm testes but
may continue to produce viable sperm up to 90 years of age, diminished
production of testosterone
Age related change to genitourinary system - ANSWER -Decreased filtration
rate
-Diminished tubular function with less efficiency in reabsorbing and
concentrating the urine
-Slower restoration of acid-base balance in response to stress
Male age related changes to genitourinary system - ANSWER benign prostatic
hyperplasia
Female age related changes to gentiourinary system - ANSWER relaxed
perineal muscles, detrusor instability (urge incontinence), urethral dysfunction
(stress urinary incontinence)
Age-Related Gastrointestinal Changes - ANSWER -Decreased sense of thirst,
smell, taste
-Decreased salivation
-Difficulty chewing and swallowing food
-Delayed esophageal, gastric emptying
-Diminished secretion of gastric acid and pepsin
-Reduced gastrointestinal motility
Age related changes to nutrition - ANSWER -Require fewer calories
-Require more nutrient-rich, healthy diet in response to alterations in body mass
and a more sedentary lifestyle
-Recommendations include reducing fat intake while consuming sufficient
protein, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber for health and prevention of
disease
Age related factors that affect sleep - ANSWER oRespiratory problems
oRestless leg syndrome
oNocturia
oPain
oDementia
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