ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS CH 31 NUR187 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
beta-adrenergic blocking agents: drugs that, at therapeutic levels, block the beta-receptors of the (?) nervous system
sympathetic
(?): drugs that, at therapeutic levels, specifically block the beta1-receptors...
beta-adrenergic blocking agents: drugs that, at therapeutic levels, block the beta-
receptors of the (?) nervous system
sympathetic
(?): drugs that, at therapeutic levels, specifically block the beta1-receptors in the
sympathetic nervous system while not blocking the beta2-receptors with
resultant effects on the respiratory system
beta1-selective adrenergic blocking agents
(?): relaxation of the smooth muscles in the bronchi, resulting in a widening of
the bronchi; an effect of sympathetic stimulation
bronchodilation
(?): tumor of the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla that periodically releases
large amounts of norepinephrine and epinephrine into the system with resultant
severe hypertension and tachycardia
pheochromocytoma
carvedilol and labetalol are what class of drug?
NONSELECTIVE ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS
tamsulosin is what class of medication
ALPHA 1-SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS
propranolol is what class of medication
NONSELECTIVE BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS
,atenolol
BETA 1-SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS
Adrenergic antagonists or adrenergic blocking agents are also called (?)
drugs because they lyse, or block, the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
(SNS).
sympatholytic drugs
How do adrenergic antagonists work?
their ability to react with specific adrenergic receptor sites without activating them, thus
preventing the typical manifestations of SNS activation.
In general, however, the specificity of adrenergic blocking agents depends on
the (?). Most specificity is lost with higher serum drug levels
concentration of drug in the body.
What are some of the variables that can affect adrenergic blocking agents?
The effects of the adrenergic blocking agents vary with the age of the
patient. Various alternative and herbal remedies can also affect these drugs.
Drugs that block both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors are primarily used to
treat cardiac-related conditions. These drugs include (?).
amiodarone (Nexterone, Pacerone),
carvedilol (Coreg, Coreg CR), and
labetalol (Trandate)
Adrenergic blocking agents competitively block the effects of norepinephrine at
alpha- and beta-receptors throughout the SNS. This results in (?).
,lower blood pressure, slower pulse rate, and increased renal perfusion with decreased
renin levels.
(?) is used intravenously (IV) and orally to treat hypertension. It has been used to
treat hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma (tumor of the chromaffin
cells of the adrenal medulla that periodically releases large amounts of
norepinephrine and epinephrine into the system with resultant severe
hypertension and tachycardia) and clonidine withdrawal.
Labetalol
(?) which is available in oral and IV forms, is indicated to treat life threatening
ventricular arrhythmias and is used as an antiarrhythmic. It is generally thought
of as a class III antiarrhythmic. However, it blocks sodium channels (like class I),
is an antisympathetic (like class II), and has negative chronotropic effects (like
class IV).
Amiodarone
(?) is only available orally and is used to treat hypertension as well as heart
failure (HF) and left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI).
Carvedilol
The adverse effects associated with the use of nonselective adrenergic blocking
agents are usually associated with the drug’s effects on the SNS.
nervous system (CNS).
gastrointestinal (GI)
(CV) system.
, These effects can include dizziness, paresthesia, insomnia, depression, fatigue, and
vertigo, which are related to the blocking of norepinephrine’s effect in the central
nervous system (CNS).
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and flatulence are associated with the loss of the
balancing sympathetic effect on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and increased
parasympathetic dominance.
Cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, HF, pulmonary edema, and cerebrovascular
accident, or stroke, are related to the lack of stimulatory effects and loss of vascular
tone in the cardiovascular (CV) system.
The adverse effects associated with the use of nonselective adrenergic blocking
agents are usually associated with the drug’s effects on the SNS.
Respiratory : (?)
Other effects reported include decreased exercise tolerance, hypoglycemia, and
rash related to the sympathetic blocking effects.
Bronchospasm, cough, rhinitis, and bronchial obstruction are related to loss of
bronchodilation—the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the bronchi, resulting in a
widening of the bronchi—of the respiratory tract and vasodilation of mucous membrane
vessels.
Abruptly stopping nonselective adrenergic blocking agents after long-term
therapy can result in (?) related to an increased hypersensitivity to
catecholamines that develops when the receptor sites have been blocked.
Carvedilol and labetalol have been associated with hepatic failure related to its
effects on the liver.
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