Cybernetic Model - ️️Society is a homeostatic, self-regulating system that (as long
as it's healthy) maintains a balance (equilibrium) of its internal parts in the face of a
changing environment.
Mechanical Solidarity - ️️(Durkheim) social integration of members of a society who
have co...
SOCY 275 - Midterm #2
Cybernetic Model - ✔️✔️Society is a homeostatic, self-regulating system that (as long
as it's healthy) maintains a balance (equilibrium) of its internal parts in the face of a
changing environment.
Mechanical Solidarity - ✔️✔️(Durkheim) social integration of members of a society who
have common values and beliefs. Sameness and common values.
Social Institutions - ✔️✔️Relatively stable patterns of interaction between actors whose
roles in system are governed by internalized norms and expectations
Functional Requirements - ✔️✔️Each social system, if it's to survive, must adapt to its
external environment, meet some basic goals, maintain a minimum level of integration,
and replace its member over time.
Anomic - ✔️✔️(Or anomia) state of structural strain between the almost universal
cultural goals of American Dream and much more restricted institutionalized means for
achieving them.
Merton's Theory of Anomia - ✔️✔️Models of Individual Adaptation.
General Strain Theory (GST) - ✔️✔️Argues that strain contributes to motivation to
offend.
Classical Strain Theory (CST) - ✔️✔️Predicts that deviance is more likely to occur if
one's culturally determined aspirations for monetary success and opportunity to achieve
that success are not congruent.
Social Function - ✔️✔️Consequences for the operation of society as a whole.
Structural Functionalism - ✔️✔️A framework for building theory that sees society as a
complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.
Organic Model - ✔️✔️If change occurs in the environment, society responds adaptively
to protect itself or even improve its well-being.
.
Conformist - ✔️✔️Isn't deviant. Many people will aspire to cultural goals and utilize
conventional means to try and obtain.
Innovator - ✔️✔️Aspires to cultural goals that uses illegal means to reach them.
, Ritualist - ✔️✔️Person doesn't aspire to cultural goals.
Retocatist - ✔️✔️Moved away from striving for cultural goal. Unlike ritualist, reject
stringent adherence to conventional means. Withdraw from society. Most likely to use
drugs and alcohol.
Rebel - ✔️✔️Rejection of both cultural goals and cultural means.
Institutions - ✔️✔️Relatively stable sets of norms, values, statuses, roles, groups, and
organizations that regulate human conduct to meet basic needs of society.
Objective Strains - ✔️✔️Experiences that most people would find to be a strain.
Subjective Strains - ✔️✔️Way people actually experience objective strains. Some
people don't interpret certain things as negative or negative to the same degree as other
people.
Experienced Strain - ✔️✔️Situation where individual has experienced negative event.
Anticipated Strain - ✔️✔️Situation where individual hasn't experienced event but
expects event in future.
Vicarous Strain - ✔️✔️Situation where individual hasn't experienced event, but
witnessed, or heard of others experiencing event.
Self-Esteem - ✔️✔️People with higher self-esteem are better able to cope with strain
without resorting to crime.
Self-Efficacy - ✔️✔️People who think they have the ability to solve problems are less
likely to use crime to cope with strain.
Social Support - ✔️✔️People who have relationships with support during strain
experience and guidance are less likely to resort to crime.
Self-Control - ✔️✔️People who are impulsive, risk-takers, etc are more likely to
respond to strain with crime.
Social Control - ✔️✔️People with this are less likely to commit crime.
Attributions - ✔️✔️People who make external attributions for strain are more likely to
respond to it with crime.
Deviant Peers - ✔️✔️Those with criminal peers are more likely to commit crime.
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