ANT2100 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
BP - Before Present
- most archaeologists prefer to use an age estimate
- AD 1950 is arbitrarily selected as zero point
- AD 1950- AD 1066 = 884 BP
Classical archaeology The branch of archaeology that studies "classical" civilizations of
the Mediterrane...
- most archaeologists prefer to use an age estimate
- AD 1950 is arbitrarily selected as zero point
- AD 1950- AD 1066 = 884 BP
Classical archaeology The branch of archaeology that studies "classical" civilizations of
the Mediterranean, such as Greece and Rome and the Near East
Antiquarian - studied antiques (ancient objects) largely for the sake of the objects
themselves, not to understand the people or culture that produced them
Middens - refuse deposit resulting from human activities, generally consisting of
sediment; food remains such as charred seeds, animal bone, and shell; and discarded artifacts
- trash heaps people created
Potsherds - fragment of pottery
, ANT2100 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Stratigraphy/strata - a site's physical structure produced by the deposition of geological
and/or cultural sediments into layers, or strata, to reveal age and original inhabitants
- established by Gertrude Caton-Thompson
Culture History - the kind of archaeology practiced mainly in the early to mid-twentieth
century; it "explains" differences or changes over time in artifact frequencies by posting the
diffusion of ideas between neighboring cultures or the migration of a people who had different
mental templates for artifact styles
New Archaeology An approach to archaeology that arose in the 1960s emphasizing the
understanding of underlying cultural processes and the use of the scientific method; today's
version of the "new archaeology" is sometimes called processual archaeology.
Why was Charles Lyell's 1865 book The Geologic Evidences for the Antiquity of Man
important? it connected time and geology
- uniformitarianism: idea that same geological processes that go on today have always occurred
(shifting of plates, sedimentary layers)
What is "Deep Time"? - the recognition that life was far more ancient than biblical
scholars recognized and that human culture had evolved over time
, ANT2100 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
- Crude stone tools discovered in England and continental Europe, along with bones of long
extinct mammals "prove the existence of very ancient man" (Jacques Boucher Crevecoeur de
Perthes)
Nabonidus - Most historians list him, the last king of the neo-Babylonian Empire as the
"first archaeologist"
- he rebuilt temples of ancient Babylon and searched the foundations for inscriptions of earlier
kings
- "he looked to the physical residues of antiquity - things - to answer questions about the past."
Francesco Petrarch - During the Renaissance he proposed that the remote past was an
ideal of perfection and he looked to antiquity for moral philosophy
- the "father of humanism"
- he and his contemporaries began to collect ancient texts and to make systematic observations
on archaeological monuments
Boucher de Perthes - Challenged the understanding that the age of the earth was no more
than about 6000 years
- found ancient axe heads in the gravel of the Somme river and the bones of long-extinct
mammals and realized that there was a very ancient man
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