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NUR 354 Exam 3 Questions with Complete Answers
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NUR 354 Exam 3 Questions with Complete Answers
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NUR 354 Exam 3 Questions withComplete Answers
WBCs, RBCs, and platelets - Answer-complete blood count (CBC) measures
concentration of
WBC differential - Answer-all blood parts + WBC parts (neutrophils, lymphocytes,
monocytes, basophils, eosinophils)
Anemia - Answer-the decrease in the number of RBC's, quantity of hemoglobin, and/or
volume of packed cells- decrease in any of these leads to signs of hypoxia
blood loss, decreased production of RBCs, Increased destrution of RBCs - Answer-
What are three prevalent causes of anemia?
Blood loss - Answer->>Chronic hemorrhage - Bleeding duodenal ulcer, Colon
cancer>>Acute trauma -cuts
decreased production of RBCs - Answer-deficient nutrients (iron, vitamin B12, folic
acid), decreased erythropoietin (kidneys not functioning, epogen medication), Increased
destruction of RBCs (sickle cell anemia, medication, incompatible blood, trauma)
acute anemia clinical manifestations - Answer-gets really bad at 40-50% volume loss
mild - exertional dyspnea & palpations
Clincal manifestations of Chronic Anemia - Answer-moderate - fatigue, bounding pulse,
roaring in ears; severe- pallor, systolic murmur, headache, anorexia, vertigo
iron deficiency anemia S&S - Answer-initally symptom free, pallor, glossitis, chelisitis,
headache, paresthesias
iron deficiency anemia causes - Answer-most common, decreased RBC production,
chronic blood loss, inadequate intake, malabsorption, hemolysis
pernicious anemia S&S - Answer-insidious inset, anorexia, N/V, abdominal pain,
weakness, paresthesias, Red flags for Vitamin B12 deficiency: altered mental status,
somnolence, depression
Red flags for Vitamin B12 deficiency: - Answer-altered mental status, somnolence,
depression
pernicious anemia causes - Answer-megaloblastic anemia (large RBCs), lack of gastric
intrinsic factors resulting in decreased vitamin B12 absorption, familial tendency, high
risk populations: >40 y/o, Northern European (scandinavian) ancestry
, aplastic anemia causes - Answer-bone marrow suppression, pancytopenia, congenital
birth defects; Acquired: idiopathic, chemicals, medications, infections
Aplastic anemia S&S - Answer-onset can be abrupt or gradual, mild to severe, pallor,
fatigue, dyspnea, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, petechiae, epitaxis, ecchymosis
hemolytic anemia causes - Answer-sickle cell anemia, hemodialysis, prosthetic valves,
transfusion reactions, autoimmune hemolytic, malaria, clostridium perfringens
hemolytic anemia S&S - Answer-jaundice, pallor, pale conjunctive, tachycardia,
hypotension, splenomegaly
Hemolytic anemia S&S - Answer-jaundice, pallor, pale conjunctivae, tachycardia,
hypotension, splenomegaly
Sickle cell anemia etiology - Answer-genetic, autosomal recessive
sickle cell "sickling" is caused by - Answer-low oxygen levels, increased blood acidity, or
low blood volume
common sickle cell crisis triggers include - Answer-sudden change in temperature
(narrowing blood vessels), strenuous activity or excessive exercise (oxygen shortage)
upper respiratory tract - Answer-nose, pharynx, adenoids, tonsils, epiglottis, larynx,
trachea
Nose - Answer-has a septum, divides 2 cavities, responsible for warming & moistening
the air that goes to your lungs, filters smaller particles that are in the air, connected with
sinuses & ears
adenoids & tonsils - Answer-part of the lymph system, helpful in getting rid of infections
that come in through the nose
epiglottis - Answer-keeps fluid & food from going into lungs, blocks off trachea, if not
working=aspiration
apiration - Answer-things getting into the lungs that should not be there
Larynx - Answer-voice box, prof raymans fav part of the body
lower respiratory tract - Answer-bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
bronchioles - Answer-constrict & dilate when body tells them to, anatomic dead space,
nose to alveoli, no air or gas exchange, transportation system to get air to alveoli for gas
exchange
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