Exam (elaborations)
NUR 354 - HTN + HF Meds - FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NUR 354 - HTN + HF Meds - FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NUR 354 - HTN + HF Meds - FINAL EXAMREVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (-prils)
-Captopril (Capoten)
-Enalapril (Vasotec)
-Lisinopril (Prinivil)
-Benazepril (Lotensin)
-Quinapril (Accupril) - Answer--MOA:
a. Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme.
b. DECREASES vasoconstriction & water retention.
-Side effects:
a. COUGH (⅓ people will develop)
b. Hypotension
c. ANGIOEDEMA
d. Hyperkalemia
e. Impaired renal function
-Drug interactions:
a. K+ sparing diuretics
b. NSAIDs
c. ASA
-Monitor BP, K+, & renal function.
Angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs or -artens)
Cozaar (Losartan)
Atacand (Candesarten)
Diovan (Valsartan) - Answer-MOA:
Prevent action of angiotensin-II & produce vasodilation and increased salt & water
excretion.
Side effects:
-Hyperkalemia
-Impaired renal function
-Angioedema
Drug interactions:
-CAUTION with other HTN meds.
-Monitor BP & HR.
-Full effect may take 3-6 weeks.
, -Watch for hyperkalemia & renal dysfunction.
Calcium channel blockers (CCB)
Diltiazem (Cardizem SR)
Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)
Verapamil (Isoptin, Calan, Calan SR)
Amlodipine (Norvasc) - Answer-MOA:
a. BLOCKS movement of calcium into cells.
b. Results in vasodilation, decreased SVR, decreased contractility, decreased HR.
Side effects:
-Bradycardia
-1st degree AV heart block
-Nausea
-Headache
-Dizziness
-Peripheral edema
-Flushing
-Rash gingival hyperplasia
-Constipation with verapamil
Nursing Considerations:
-Monitor BP & HR, first degree heart block
-AVOID grapefruit juice*
-Cautious use in pts with HF.
-Contraindicated in pts with 2nd & 3rd degree heart block.
Direct vasodilators
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Minoxidil (Loniten)
Sodium nitroprusside (Nipride) - Answer-MOA:
Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, decreases SVR.
Side effects:
-Reflex tachycardia
-Nausea
-Flushing
-Headache
-Hypotension
Nursing Considerations:
-Monitor for hypotension & tachycardia.
-Often give IV for hypertensive crisis.
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