OBG 7108 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
PEDIATRICS GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND
HEALTH PROMOTION EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
LATEST UPDATED.
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Exam 1 - Normal Growth and Development
Stages of Human Development
• Infant: birth–1 year
• Toddler: 1–3 years
• Preschooler: 3–6 years
• School-age child: 6–12 years
• Adolescent: 12–20 years
*Know the age ranges*
Ex: if a child is 12 month and 1 day this child is a toddler (even the child is only
1-day past infancy) – this child is not a infant anymore**
General Principles
• Development maturation is based on:
o Functional behavior (meeting developmental tasks and milestones)
o Ability to adapt to environment
• Directional pattern for muscular coordination and control:
o Head-to-toe (Cephalocaudal)
o Trunk-to-periphery (Proximodistal)
o Gross-to fine
• Chronological age = age in years
, lOMoAR cPSD| 19857451
G&D: Assessment
• Influencing factors
o biological
o environmental
o socioeconomic ex: affects nutrition
• Social characteristics (play) -How does the kid play?
o Solitary (Infant): they will be playing by themselves
o Parallel (toddler): playing parallel to each other, not with the each other
o Associative play (preschool): no specific goals or rules
o Cooperative (school aged): specific goals and rules, organized leader
team captain
• Physical measurements:
o height, weight (in kg), head circumference, chest circumference
o head circumference very important in a neonatal period for baseline
and to check to see what’s going on with the child. Sometime children
later in life can have condition which head is enlarge or very small of
age
▪ use the length of the child. Once the child go home the
pediatrician continuously monitoring the all the physical
measurements.
o decreased weight may indicate failure to thrive
o All measured at birth + continued to be measured throughout infancy
• Screening tests: Denver II Development (to identify young children, 0-6 years
old, with developmental problems.)
o Social skills
o Fine motor skills
▪ Later on, the fine motor keeps developing, supposed to lose the
gross model skills.
▪ Ex: The child is now 2 years or older, they can button the button,
o Language skills
o Gross motor skills
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Nurses need to understand a lot of these things are done for baseline
information and also if the patient think that their child has some
problem with growth and development
• Psychosocial, Moral and cognitive milestones
o Erickson’s
▪ focuses on achievement of autonomy and self-control, learning
how to be independent
o Freud Kohlberg’s
▪ focuses on the moral development
▪ Ex: Avoiding punishment for disobedience is the first reason a
child learns to behave or “be good”.
o Piaget’s
▪ focuses on development of the senses
▪ Sensorimotor ex: the toddler accomplishes the satisfaction of
using the potty, when preschooler realizes boys and girls have
different body parts. Self-identity the child realizes he/she is
different from their parent
*Erickson’s is the main focus for this class
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