What are the NHS screening programmes? - answer✔Pregnancy screening, screening for
newborn babies, diabetic eye screening, breast screening, cervical screening, bowel cancer
screening and abdominal aortic aneurysm.
What are the angles of injection? - answer✔Intramuscular- 90 into the muscle
Subcutaneous- 45 into the subcutaneous tissue
Intravenous- 25 into a vein
Intradermal- 10-15 into the dermis
What are the injection sites for a toddler? - answer✔Deltoid (arm) and Vastus Lateralis (thigh).
Why give medications via injection? - answer✔Drug absorption
The speed of absorption
Local effect is required
Patient intolerance
Nausea and vomiting
As an alternative to the oral route (nil by mouth, difficulty swallowing)
What is the menopause? - answer✔Loss of ovarian reserve and changes in the hormonal level
in women. Typically occurs between the ages of 49-52.
What are the symptoms of the menopause? - answer✔Weight gain, changes to the skin
(Reduced perception of temperature changes, loss of subcutaneous fat, loss of skin elasticity,
fewer sensory receptors and increased pain threshold), depressive mood, irritability, heavy
night sweats, bleeding between periods and mood swings.
What are the signs of inflammation? - answer✔Redness, heat, swelling and pain.
What are the benefits of inflammation? - answer✔Helps prevent the spread of pathogens
Helps prevent the loss of blood
Clears away dead cells before reconstruction
Pain helps to reduce strain on damaged area
What are the factors leading to post-natal depression? - answer✔Unemployment, unplanned
pregnancy, low social class, complicated birth, lack of support, history of PND and anxiety, life
stressors in pregnancy (toxic trio), difficult relationships and sexual abuse.
What is included in the toxic trio? - answer✔Domestic violence, alcohol or substance misuse
and mental health.
What is the A to E assessment? - answer✔Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure
What are the observations of an airway assessment? - answer✔Feel for inspiration and
expiration
Listen for noisy breathing sounds- stridor, wheeze, grunting or snoring
Look for chest movement- paradoxical chest and Abdominal Movement and the use of
Accessory Muscles which could indicate airway obstruction
Position the patient, check the mouth, check the mucus membranes and remember obstruction
can occur at any level of the respiratory tract.
What are you assessing in a breathing assessment? - answer✔The effort of breathing
The effectiveness of breathing
The effects of respiratory inadequacy
What are the observations of a breathing assessment? - answer✔Visual inspection- Look, listen
and feel
Posture/positioning- tripoding
Advanced skills- Palpitation, percussion and auscultation.
Respiratory rate is the most useful indicator that a patient's breathing is compromised.
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