NUR400 – Midterm Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
What is the role of research in evidence-based nursing practice? - answer✔Research provides
the foundation for evidence-based nursing practice, helping to inform patient care decisions
with the best available clinical evidence.
What is evidence-based practice (EBP)? - answer✔EBP is the use of the best clinical evidence in
making patient care decisions.
How does evidence-based practice influence nursing? - answer✔It is the basis for nursing
decisions and influences many recent clinical practice changes.
Why is evidence-based practice important? - answer✔EBP is important because it produces
decisions that are clinically appropriate, cost-effective, and lead to positive client outcomes.
Where can evidence-based practices be found? - answer✔Evidence-based practices can be
found in clinical guidelines, peer-reviewed research studies, systematic reviews, and
professional organizations' recommendations.
Why is it important to incorporate evidence-based practice into clinical care? -
answer✔Incorporating EBP into clinical care ensures that patient care is grounded in the most
current, high-quality evidence, leading to improved outcomes and consistent, effective
treatment.
Sources of "best" evidence in research: - answer✔-Primary Studies
-Systematic Review
What are primary studies in research evidence? - answer✔Primary studies are original research
studies that provide firsthand data and findings on a specific topic.
What is a systematic review? - answer✔A systematic review is a summary of the best available
evidence on a specific topic, based on a comprehensive and structured analysis of multiple
studies.
Types of systematic reviews - answer✔-Meta-analysis (qualitative)
-Meta-synthesis (qualitative)
-Meta-aggregation (qualitative)
-Mixed studies review (qualitative and quantitative)
What is a nursing journal club? - answer✔A nursing journal club is a group of nurses who
regularly meet to discuss and critically appraise research articles, usually from peer-reviewed
nursing journals.
What is the primary aim of a nursing journal club? - answer✔The primary aim is to stay updated
on evidence-based practices, improve clinical decision-making, and foster a culture of
continuous learning in healthcare.
What is a paradigm in research? - answer✔A paradigm is a worldview or general perspective of
the world's complexities that guides research approaches.
What are the two key paradigms for nursing research? - answer✔Positivist Paradigm and the
Constructivist Paradigm.
What are the key features of the Positivist Paradigm? - answer✔The positivist paradigm
assumes that reality exists independently of human observation, nature is ordered, and
phenomena have causes (determinism).
Research focuses on understanding these causes objectively, striving to be unbiased.
How does the scientific method work in the positivist paradigm? - answer✔It uses orderly
procedures to gather quantitative, empirical evidence based on objective reality, with data
analyzed statistically.
The goal is to generalize findings beyond the specific study participants.
What are the key features of the Constructivist Paradigm? - answer✔The constructivist
paradigm views reality as a dynamic, context-dependent construction of participants.
Knowledge is enhanced by minimizing distance between the researcher and participants,
valuing their voices and interpretations to understand the phenomenon.
How does the scientific method work in the constructivist paradigm? - answer✔It focuses on
understanding lived human experiences through qualitative research, capturing dynamic,
holistic aspects in natural settings.
The method is flexible and provides rich, in-depth insights into complex phenomena.
Common Features in Both Paradigms: - answer✔-Ultimate goals
-External evidence
-Reliance on human cooperation
-Ethical constraints
-Fallibility
What type of data do quantitative researchers collect? - answer✔Quantitative researchers
collect numeric (quantitative) data.
Which research tradition is quantitative research most closely allied with? -
answer✔Quantitative research is most closely allied with the positivist tradition.
What is experimental research? - answer✔Experimental research involves introducing an
intervention or treatment to test causal relationships, often used to address therapy questions.
In medical research, it's called clinical trials.
What is nonexperimental research? - answer✔Nonexperimental research involves collecting
data without intervening or introducing treatments, known as observational studies in medical
research.
What occurs in the Conceptual Phase (Phase 1) of a quantitative study? - answer✔In Phase 1,
researchers formulate the problem, review the literature, conduct clinical fieldwork, define the
framework, and formulate hypotheses.
What occurs in the Design and Planning Phase (Phase 2) of a quantitative study? - answer✔In
Phase 2, researchers select a design, develop intervention protocols, identify the population,
design the sampling plan, specify methods, and finalize the research plan.
What occurs in the Empirical Phase (Phase 3) of a quantitative study? - answer✔In Phase 3,
researchers collect the data and prepare it for analysis (e.g., coding the data).
What occurs in the Analytic Phase (Phase 4) of a quantitative study? - answer✔In Phase 4,
researchers analyze the data (statistically) and interpret the results.
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