WGU C182 Introduction to IT
Client-server Network - ✔️✔️Contains one or more servers; client is a computer that
will request information from another computer; server is a computer that takes requests
and responds with the requested information; the software used facilitates
communication with remote servers
Business Continuity - ✔️✔️The activity performed by an organization to ensure that
critical business functions will be available to customer, suppliers, regulators, and other
entities that must have access to those functions.
Administrator Ethics - ✔️✔️Privacy, Ownership, Control, Accuracy, Security
Algorithms - ✔️✔️A formula or procedure for solving a problem. Can also be described
as a set of steps that are followed in order to complete a process
Alpha Testing - ✔️✔️System developers assist end users as they interact with new
system; simulated data is used
Analysis - ✔️✔️Determines the user requirements for the new system and develops
logical models of the system
Anti-viral Software - ✔️✔️Attempts to identify if a file contains a virus or some form of
malware
Application Software - ✔️✔️Consists of programs that end users run to accomplish
tasks
Assembly Language - ✔️✔️Easier than machine but still required detailed, precise low
level instructions
Attributes - ✔️✔️Columns of the relation
Authentication - ✔️✔️Proving you are who you say you are which can be done by:
what you know, what you have (two factor authentication)
Availability - ✔️✔️Requires that information is available when needed
Batch Processing - ✔️✔️Processing large amounts of data all in one batch when the
computer system is not busy
Beta Testing - ✔️✔️Performed by the end user without any assistance from the system
developers; live data in a real working environment is used.
,Big Data - ✔️✔️Refers to data sets that are so large and complex that they will require
more advanced database management/processing tools.
Binary - ✔️✔️Uses base 2 system (0 and 1)
BIOS ROM - ✔️✔️BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System; ROM stands for Read
Only Memory.
Typically stored in ROM chip on the motherboard.
Is software not hardware, ("basic" operating system that runs when the computer is first
turned on).
Runs tests of memory and the CPU and initializes hardware components so that the
actual Operating System can be loaded from the hard disk.
Can't choose the amount or contents.
1st Generation of Computers - ✔️✔️Vacuum tubes, relay switches, the need to
program in machine language
2nd Generation of Computers - ✔️✔️Transistor components, magnetic core memory,
smaller size, easier to program, disk drives and drums, called mainframe computers
3rd Generation of Computers - ✔️✔️Silicon chips (known as ICs - integrated circuits),
reduced cost, called mini computers, networks introduced via dumb terminals
4th Generation of Computers - ✔️✔️Single chip processor, called microcomputer, first
personal computer, rudimentary computer graphics, home use
Black Hat Hacker - ✔️✔️Individuals with malicious intent who violate security in order
to commit crimes or acts of terrorism
Boolean/Logical - ✔️✔️True/False
Buffer Overflow - ✔️✔️Placing malicious code into the buffer so that it can be executed
once stored in memory; oldest and most well known software exploit; software
engineers can protect against this when writing code
Bus - ✔️✔️Permits information to move between each component; electrical channels
that enable communication among the electronic components
Bus Network - ✔️✔️Devices connected along a single cable.
, Size of network is restricted.
Business Intelligence - ✔️✔️A specific information system to help an organization
reach its strategic goals
Byte - ✔️✔️8 bits; a single character of text in a computer
Character Representation - ✔️✔️ASCII and Unicode
Characteristics of Quality Data - ✔️✔️Relevance - the data being used must apply
directly to the decision being made
Timely - data must be efficient and must be provided in a timely manner
Thorough - the data must be complete
Accurate - data should be captured only once, where possible and should be captured
as close to the point of activity as possible.
Reliable - data should reflect stable and consistent data collection processes across
collections points and over time
CIA - ✔️✔️Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
Circuit Switched Network - ✔️✔️Requires that a full pathway, or circuit, be est. before
transmission can begin and maintained during the entire transmission
Cloud Computing - ✔️✔️Offers, as a service, the ability to offload computation and
storage from your local computer
Cold Site - ✔️✔️Physical location like a shell that can be used for operations should
the need arise; not equipped with hardware, servers, etc.; cheaper to have
Common Steps in SDLC - ✔️✔️Preliminary investigation, Analysis, Logical design,
Physical design, Implementation, Maintenance
Compiled Language - ✔️✔️Translates the entire program, creating an executable
program which can be run at a later time
Complier - ✔️✔️Improve language translator; requires that the components of the
software all be defined before compilation can begin; code is more effcient
Components of a Computer - ✔️✔️CPU, Memory and Storage, Peripheral Devices
