BIO 245 Final Exam 2024/2025 Questions And Answers
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Course
BIO 245
Institution
BIO 245
BIO 245 Final Exam 2024/2025 Questions And Answers
BIO 245 Final Exam 2024/2025 Questions And Answers
BIO 245 Final Exam 2024/2025 Questions And Answers
(5) Release -> cells are lysed and virus is released
Temperate phage temperate phage that becomes part of the host chromosome and are replicated in
the cell genome
Transduction (2) (1) Generalized transduction: during lytic cycle; random pieces of DNA are transferred
(2) Specialized transduction: during lysogenic cycle; specific pieces of DNA are transferred -> can be used
for antibiotic resistance
, Induction UV light or chemicals that separates the prophage from the bacterium and the lytic cycle is
initiated
Animal viruses have same five steps but with... an UNCOATING step
Retroviruses: +ssRNA viruses
-Carry a special enzyme called Reverse Transcriptase (RT)
(1) Converts +ssDNA to dsDNA
(2) Synthesizes a complementary ssDNA from +ssRNA
(3) Integrates into the host chromosomes as a provirus
Persistant Viral Infections (3) (1) Acute infections: an infection that only lasts for a set period of time and
then gets eradicated
(2) Latent infections: difficult to detect; remain hidden or dormant inside the cell
(3) Chronic infections: can be detected in tissues continuously; persistent symptoms over time and
generally fatal
Isolation within viruses virions in liquid medium can be separated from the host via centrifugation or
filtration
Cultivation
In vivo:
In vitro: how to grow viruses within the lab
-In vivo: within the living organism
-In vitro: within an artificial environment
Bacteriophages:
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