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BRS Pathology ALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
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BRS Pathology ALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
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BRS Pathology ALL QUESTIONSStudy online at https://quizlet.com/_c250yv
1. This is the answer side of the first This is the question side of the first
card in this set. Make sure you select card in this set. Make sure you se-
"definition" in the "start with" box. lect "definition" in the "start with" box.
Otherwise you will just see the an- Otherwise you will just see the an-
swers first, which isn't super produc- swers first, which isn't super produc-
tive. tive.
(I had to do this because quizlet only (I had to do this because quizlet only
allows images on the back of cards. allows images on the back of cards.
Which is dumb. But we work with Which is dumb. But we work with
what we've got). what we've got). I also recommend
"flow" instead of "flip," but that's just
a personal preference.
2. The answer is D. The illustration The illustration shows a sec-
shows marked hypertrophy of the tion of the heart from a
left ventricle. Hypertrophy of this 45-year-old African-American man
extent, often seen in hypertensive with long-standing hypertension
heart disease, is caused by in- who died of a "stroke." Which of the
creased workload from increased following adaptive changes is exem-
ventricular pressure. This organ en- plified in the illustration?
largement is the result of an increase (A) Aplasia
in size of the individual muscle cells. (B) Atrophy
(C) Hyperplasia
(D) Hypertrophy
(E) Hypoplasia
3. The answer is A. The patient has re- A 16-year-old girl undergoes radio-
nal agenesis, absence of the kidney logic imaging of her abdomen and
due to failure of organ development. is found to have only one kidney.
The congenital lack of one kidney She had been entirely unaware of
differs from atrophy, in which a de- this problem. Which of the following
crease in the size of an organ re- terms is most descriptive of this find-
sults from a decrease in the mass ing?
, BRS Pathology ALL QUESTIONS
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of preexisting cells. Unilateral renal (A) Agenesis
agenesis is usually a harmless mal- (B) Atrophy
formation, and the opposite kidney is (C) Hyperplasia
often enlarged due to compensatory (D) Hypoplasia
hypertrophy. Bilateral renal agenesis (E) Metaplasia
is incompatible with life and is of
special interest since it can lead to
the Potter progression (see Chapter
17).
4. The answer is E. The sequence An impending myocardial infarction
of events in hypoxic cell dam- was successfully averted by throm-
age is as follows: Hypoxia re- bolytic (clot-dissolving) therapy in a
sults in failure of oxidative phos- 55-year-old man. Which of the fol-
phorylation, with resultant deple- lowing biochemical events most like-
tion of ATP and increase in adeno- ly occurred during the period of hy-
sine monophosphate and adenosine poxia?
diphosphate. Anaerobic glycolysis (A) Decreased hydrogen ion con-
and glycogenolysis are stimulat- centration
ed (notinhibited) through increased (B) Increase in oxidative phosphory-
phosphofructokinase and phospho- lation
rylase activities, respectively. This (C) Loss of intracellular Na+ and wa-
results in an accumulation of cell ter
lactate, with a decrease in intracel- (D) Stimulation of ATP synthesis
lular pH and depletion of cellular (E) Stimulation of anaerobic glycoly-
glycogen stores. Decreased avail- sis and glycogenolysis
ability of ATP also results in failure
of the Na+K+-ATPase pump, which
then leads to increased cell Na+ and
water and decreased cell K+.
5. The answer is C. Pancreatic enzy- A 45-year-old man with a long his-
matic fat necrosis represents autodi- tory of alcoholism presents with se-
gestion by proteolytic and lipolyt- vere epigastric pain, nausea, vomit-
ic enzymes released from damaged ing, fever, and an increase in serum
parenchymal cells of the pancreas. amylase. During a previous hospital-
Fatty acids liberated by the diges- ization for a similar episode, com-
tion of fat form calcium soaps, a puted tomography scanning demon-
process referred to as saponifica- strated calcifications in the pan-
, BRS Pathology ALL QUESTIONS
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c250yv
tion. The precipitated calcium in the creas. A diagnosis of acute pancre-
soaps can be visualized by radiolog- atitis superimposed on chronic pan-
ic imaging. creatitis was made. In this condition,
which of the following types of necro-
sis is most characteristic?
(A) Caseous
(B) Coagulative
(C) Enzymatic
(D) Fibrinoid
(E) Liquefactive
6. The answer is A. Caseous necrosis A 29-year-old man hospitalized
occurs as part of granulomatous in- for acquired immunodeficiency syn-
flammation, typified by the lesions of drome (AIDS) is found to have pul-
tuberculosis. monary tuberculosis. Which type of
necrosis is found in the granulo-
matous lesions (clusters of modi-
fied macrophages) characteristic of
this increasingly frequent complica-
tion of AIDS?
(A) Caseous
(B) Coagulative
(C) Enzymatic
(D) Fibrinoid
(E) Liquefactive
7. The answer is B. The decreased size A 45-year-old woman is investigat-
is due to restriction of the blood sup- ed for hypertension and is found to
ply, one of the causes of atrophy. The have enlargement of the left kidney.
increase in size of the opposite kid- The right kidney is smaller than nor-
ney is referred to as compensatory mal. Contrast studies reveal steno-
hypertrophy. Unilateral renal artery sis of the right renal artery. The size
stenosis is a well-known cause of change in the right kidney is an ex-
secondary hypertension. In this set- ample of which of the following adap-
ting, increased renin excretion and tive changes?
stimulation of the renin-angiotensin (A) Aplasia
system results in a form of hyper- (B) Atrophy
tension that is potentially curable by (C) Hyperplasia
, BRS Pathology ALL QUESTIONS
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c250yv
surgical correction of the underlying (D) Hypertrophy
vascular abnormality. (E) Metaplasia
8. The answer is D. If infarction is A 56-year-old man recovered from
averted by immediate thrombolytic a myocardial infarction after his my-
therapy, indicators of necrosis, such ocardium was entirely "saved" by
as karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and kary- immediate thrombolytic therapy. If it
olysis, which represent irreversible had been possible to examine micro-
changes, would not be expected. scopic sections of his heart during
Swelling of the endoplasmic reticu- his ischemic episode, which of the
lum from increased cell water, one of following would be the most likely
the earliest ultrastructural changes cellular change to be found?
observed in injured cells, is re- (A) Karyolysis
versible and would be expected. (B) Karyorrhexis
(C) Pyknosis
(D) Swelling of the endoplasmic
reticulum
9. The answer is E. Liquefactive necro- A 64-year-old woman presents with
sis is characteristic of ischemic in- fever, chills, headache, neck stiff-
jury in the CNS and suppurative in- ness, vomiting, and confusion. The
fections that cause abscess forma- Kernig sign (passive knee extension
tion (see Chapter 2). The changes in eliciting neck pain) and Brudzins-
the cerebrospinal spinal fluid char- ki sign (passive neck flexion elic-
acteristic of bacterial meningitis are iting bilateral hip flexion) are both
detailed in Chapter 3. positive. Examination of the cere-
brospinal fluid reveals changes con-
sistent with bacterial meningitis, and
brain imaging demonstrates a local-
ized abscess. Which of the following
types of necrosis is most character-
istic of abscess formation?
(A) Caseous
(B) Coagulative
(C) Enzymatic
(D) Fibrinoid
(E) Liquefactive
10.
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