Latent image - answer✔The invisible image that exists on film after the film has been exposed
but before it has been processed
Attenuation - answer✔Reduction in the energy or number of the primary x-ray beam as it
passes through anatomic tissue
Grayscale - answer✔The number of different shades of gray that can be stored and displayed
by a computer system
Intensifying screen - answer✔Device and radiographic cassettes that contains phosphors that
convert x-ray energy into light, exposing the radiographic film
Optical density (OD) - answer✔A numeric calculation that compares the intensity of light
transmitted through an area on the film
Densitometer - answer✔Measures radiographic density
Rad - answer✔Radiation absorbed dose
Rem - answer✔Roentgen equivalent man
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen - answer✔Discovered x-rays on accident on 11/8/1895
Fluoroscope was developed when? And by who? - answer✔It was developed in 1898 by
Thomas Alvan Edison
Clarence Dally - answer✔Assistant and longtime friend of Thomas Edison was severely burned
by x-ray and got both arms amputated and died in 1904
Who was the first X ray fatality in the US? - answer✔Clearance Dally
Collimation - answer✔Restricts the useful x-ray beams to that part of the body to be imaged
and thereby spares adjacent tissue from unnecessary radiation exposure
Filtration - answer✔filters are inserted into the x-ray tube housing so that low energy x-rays are
absorbed before they reach the patient
Isotope - answer✔Atoms that have the same number of protons but differ in number of
neutrons
Binding energy - answer✔The energy required to separate a single particle or group of particles
from a molecule, atom, or nucleus
Ionized - answer✔If an atom has an extra electron or has had an electron moved
Fluoroscopy - answer✔Video of movement
ARRT - answer✔American Registry of Radiologic Technologist
RSO - answer✔Radiation Safety Officer
Image intensifier - answer✔Amplifies light/makes the picture brighter
Potter Bucky grid - answer✔A way to hold an x-ray cassette. Improved image contrast
List the modalities that use ionizing radiation to produce images - answer✔X-ray, Ct,
angiography and nuclear medicine
What is the difference between a cat scan and an MRI? - answer✔CT scans use x-rays, MRI
scans used powerful magnetic fields and radio frequency pulses to produce detailed pictures of
organs, soft tissues, bone and other internal body structures
List the modalities that do not use ionizing radiation to produce diagnostic images -
answer✔Ultrasound and MRI
Give examples of radiation protecting equipment - answer✔Metal enclosures, apron, walls,
leaded glass, gloves, thyroid shield, leg cap
What is ALARA? - answer✔As low as reasonably achievable
Why is Alara important? - answer✔We don't want to fry our patience while doing an x ray.
Making every possible effort to maintain exposures to ionizing radiation as far below the dose
limits as practical, consistent with the purpose for which the license activity is undertaken
List the 4 patient factors - answer✔Body habitus, thickness, body composition and pathology
Radiolucent - answer✔Tissues attenuates few xrays and appears black on the radiograph
Radiopaque - answer✔Tissues absorbs xrays and appears white on the radiograph
Constructive pathology - answer✔Increase mass density or composition causing the tissue to be
more radiopaque
Destructive pathology - answer✔Causing the tissue to be more radiolucent
Projection - answer✔A correct positioning term describing or referring to the path of the x-ray
beam
Position - answer✔a correct positioning term describing positions used in reference to the body
part closest to the film or by the surface of the patient is lying
body habitus - answer✔General size and shape of a patient
Patient factor - answer✔Determine characteristics of radiation exposure of the image receptor
and patient dose, and they provide the radiologic technologist with a specific and orderly
means of producing, evaluating, and comparing radiographs
How many bones are in the body? - answer✔206 bones
What is the difference between the appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton? -
answer✔Appendicular skeleton contains the limbs and pelvic girdle and axial skeleton contains
the skull, spinal column, and rib cage
What is a topographical landmark and which one is used for a KUB and chest radiograph? -
answer✔A topographical landmark is an external feature of the body. Something you can
palpate or touch. iliac crest or greater trochanter
At what structural level do xrays interact with humans to produce irradiation response? -
answer✔X-rays interact with electrons at the atomic level
What is a stem cell? - answer✔The earliest stage of a cell line. And immature cell that will
develop into a mature cell
What's cells are the most radiosensitive? - answer✔Spermatogonia and lymphocytes
What type of tissue is the least radiosensitive? - answer✔Nerve cells
List three early radiation effects and 3 late radiation effects in humans - answer✔3 early effects
are: skin erythema, organ atrophy, and cytogenetic damage. 3 late effects are: cancer, leukemia
and cataracts
Give an example of fractionated radiation - answer✔patients receive the radiation dose at the
same dose rate but broken into equal values and given overtime radiation oncology patients
receive prescribed doses fractionated daily
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