NURS 210 EXAM 1 MATERIAL PHARMACOLOGY
PRINCIPLES ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 120 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
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How can the nurse minimize drug interactions? ✔✔ANSWER✔✔- minimize #
of drugs the patient receives
- take a thorough drug history - reconcile meds
- be extra vigilant in monitoring when patient is taking drugs with a narrow
therapeutic index
Additive effects ✔✔ANSWER✔✔interaction that increase therapeutic effects
- two drugs with similar MOA are taken (1+1=2)
- 2 antibiotics to treat a complicated infection
Synergism/ potentiation ✔✔ANSWER✔✔interaction that increase
therapeutic effects
,- two drugs with different MOA; results in combined drug effects that are
greater than those that could have been achieved if either drug was given
alone (1+1=3)
- Coumadin and ASA
interference ✔✔ANSWER✔✔interaction that increase therapeutic effects
- interference by one drug with metabolism/elimination of a second drug can
result in increased effects of second drug (CYP 450) and of decrease effects
of first drug
displacement ✔✔ANSWER✔✔interaction that increase therapeutic effects
- displacement of one drug from plasma protein binding sites by a second
drug: increase effects of displaced drug
drug-drug interactions: interactions that decrease therapeutic effects
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-antidote
-decreased intestinal absorption of oral drugs
-activation of drug metabolizing enzymes in liver called enzyme inducers
-increased excretion occurs when urine pH is changes/renal reabsorption is
blocked
antidote ✔✔ANSWER✔✔interactions that decrease therapeutic effects
- a drug given to antagonize the toxic effects of another drug
ex: NARCAN is the antidote for morphine overdose
, decreased intestinal absorption of oral drugs ✔✔ANSWER✔✔interactions
that decrease therapeutic effects
ex: activated charcoal given for drug overdose
activation of drug metabolizing enzymes in liver called enzyme inducers
✔✔ANSWER✔✔interactions that decrease therapeutic effects
- increased metabolism rate of drug (cytochrome P450 system)
TRUE. need to be careful when giving drugs to young and old
✔✔ANSWER✔✔true/false
age and gender have a significant impact on a medications pharmacokinetics
(ADME)
Variable affecting drug action (pharmacokinetics) ✔✔ANSWER✔✔- age
- body weight
- genetic and ethnic characteristics
- gender
- pathologic conditions
- psychologic considerations
drug response ✔✔ANSWER✔✔the intensity of the drug response is directly
related to the concentration of the drug at the SITE OF ACTION
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