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PSYCH 001 UVM Chapter 4 Exam Study Guide
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PSYCH 001 UVM Chapter 4 ExamStudy Guide
Sensation - Answer awareness resulting from the stimulation of a sense organ
Perception - Answer the organization and interpretation of sensations
Six Senses - Answer seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, tasting, and monitoring the
body's positions
Proprioception - Answer the ability to sense the position, location, orientation, and
movement of the body and its parts
Transduction - Answer the conversion of stimuli detected by receptor cells to electrical
impulses that are then transported to the brain
Psychophysics - Answer the branch of psychology that studies the effects of physical
stimuli on sensory perceptions and mental states
Absolute Threshold - Answer the intensity of a stimulus that allows an organism to just
barely detect it
Signal Detection Analysis - Answer a technique used to determine the ability of the
perceiver to separate true signals from background noise
Sensitivity - Answer the true ability of the individual to detect the presence or absence
of signals
Response Bias - Answer a behavioral tendency to respond "yes" to the trials
Difference Threshold - Answer just noticeable difference; the change in a stimulus that
can just barely be detected by the organism
Weber's Law - Answer just noticeable difference of a stimulus is a constant proportion
to the original intensity of the stimulus
Conscious Stimuli - Answer we can accurately report on its existence (or its
non-existence) better than 50% of the time
Sumbliminal Stimuli - Answer events that occur below the absolute threshold and of
which we are not conscious
Blindsight - Answer a condition in which people are unable to consciously report on
visual stimuli but nevertheless are able to accurately answer questions about what they
are seeing
Electromagnetic Energy - Answer pulses of energy waves that can carry information
, from place to place
Wavelength - Answer the distance between one wave peak and the next wave peak
Cornea - Answer a clear covering that protects the eye and begins to focus the incoming
light
Pupil - Answer a small opening in the center of the eye
Iris - Answer the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil by constricting
or dilating in response to light intensity
Lens - Answer a structure that focuses light on the retina
Retina - Answer the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor
cells
Visual Accommodation - Answer the process of changing the curvature of the lens to
keep light entering the eye focused in the retina
Nearsighted - Answer the focus is in front of the retina; can see up close, not far away
(has "near sight")
Farsighted - Answer the focus is behind the retina; can see far away, not up close (has
"far sight")
Optic Nerve - Answer a collection of millions of ganglion neurons that sends vast
amounts of visual accommodation, via the thalamus, to the brain
Ganglion Cell - Answer a nerve cell whose body is outside the central nervous system
Rods - Answer visual neuron that specialize in detecting black, white, and gray colors;
help us see in the dark; active in peripheral vision
Cones - Answer visual neurons that are specialized in detecting fine detail and colors
Fovea - Answer the central point of the retina
Feature Detector Neurons - Answer specialized neurons, located in the visual cortex
that respond to the strength, angles, shapes, edges, and movements of visual stimulus
Hue - Answer the shade of a color
Blue light - Answer short wavelengths
Green Light - Answer medium wavelengths
Red Light - Answer long wavelengths
Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Color Theory - Answer what color we see depends on the
mix of the signals from the three types of cones
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