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NURS 256 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATED RATED A.
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NURS 256 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATED RATED A.
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NURS 256 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATESTUPDATED RATED A.
hyperlipidemia education
-Diet- mediterranean diet
-Exercise
-Smoking cessation
-Limiting alcohol
-Hypertension management
-Need to control diabetes
Bile Acid Sequestrants (Cole-)
-May experience GI irritation including constipation - fecal impaction
-Decreased of vitamin K - may increase bleeding
-Vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency can cause muscle aches and pain
-Preferred choice for pregnant and lactating women
-Cholestyramine affects different medications - should be taken 1 hour before and
4-6 hours after other medications
HMG-CoA Reductase (-statin)
-Category X medication
-Lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin are safer than atorvastatin due to liver effects
-Rhabdomyolysis may occur - acute renal failure
-S/e include headache, dizziness, insomnia, cataract development, GI effects
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor (Ezetimibe)
S/e include bloating, flatulence, headache, dizziness, muscle aches/pain
Fibrates, Niacin
best meds to increase HDL
coronary artery disease
atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart
muscle
,coronary artery disease non modifiable risk factors
Family history of CAD
Increasing age
>45 years for men
>55 years for women
Gender
Men develop CAD earlier than women
Race
African Americans have higher incidence of heart disease
coronary artery disease modifiable risk factors
Dyslipidemia
Hypertension
Cigarette smoking
Diabetes mellitus
Obesity/sedentary lifestyle
Atherogenic diet
coronary artery disease prevention
Minimize controllable risk factors
coronary artery disease complications
myocardial infarction, heart failure, dysrhythmias, and sudden death
difference between antitussives and expectorants
-Antitussives stop cough reflex
-Expectorants liquify secretions so coughs can cough them up
congestive heart failure left
-Starts with hypertension and left ventricle leads to pulmonary edema
-Forward effects: fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, cold
intolerance;
-Compensations: tachycardia, pallor, secondary polycythemia, daytime oliguria.
-Backup effects: Coughing up white or pink phlegm, shortness of breath, dyspnea,
rales (fluid in lungs)
,congestive heart failure right
-Starts with pulmonary valve stenosis and right ventricle leads to edema in legs
-Forward effects: fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, cold
intolerance.
-Compensations: tachycardia and pallor, secondary polycythemia, daytime
oliguria.
-Backup effects: Distended neck veins, flushed face, liver problems, ascites
(distended stomach)
Conduction of the heart
SA node, AV node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
respiratory acidosis s/s
Drowsiness
Disorientation
Dizziness
Headache
Coma
↓BP
V-Fib
Hyperkalemia
Rapid/Irregular HR
Warm, flushed skin
Seizures
Hypoventilation
Hypoxia
Cyanosis
Respiratory Alkalosis S/S
lethargy
lightheadedness
confusion
tachycardia
dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia
nausea
, vomiting
epigastric pain
numbness and tingling of the extremities
hyperventilation (tachypnea)
metabolic acidosis s/s
Drowsiness
Confusion
Headache
Coma
↓BP
Dysrhythmias (R/T Hyperkalemia)
Warm, flushed skin
Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea/Abdominal pain
Deep, rapid respirations
metabolic alkalosis s/s
Drowsiness
Diziness
Nervousness
Confusion
↑HR
Anorexia/Nausea/Vomiting
Tremors
Hypertonic muscles
Muscle cramps/Tetany/Tingling in extremeties/Seizures
Hypoventilation
ABG normal values
pH: 7.35-7.45
PaO2: 80-100 mmHg
PaCO2: 35-45 mmHg
HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L
Sodium normal range
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