Sociology - Beliefs in society - A-Level – AQA Revision Exam Questions And All Complete Solutions.
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Course
A-LEVEL SOCIOLOGY
Institution
A-LEVEL SOCIOLOGY
Sacred vs profane - Answer Durkheim's argument that in all societies, people divide the world about them into things which are sacred (holy) and those that are profane (not holy)
Malinowski - life crisis - Answer states that a life crisis is a big event which causes disruptions and he beli...
Sociology - Beliefs in society - A-Level –
AQA Revision Exam Questions And All
Complete Solutions.
Sacred vs profane - Answer Durkheim's argument that in all societies, people divide the world about
them into things which are sacred (holy) and those that are profane (not holy)
Malinowski - life crisis - Answer states that a life crisis is a big event which causes disruptions and he
believes that religion helps calm this down
Malinowski - 2 psychological functions of religion - Answer - life crisis (religion helps us e.g. with
divorce, funerals etc. )
-when an outcome is uncertain, we turn to religion for comfort
Robert Bellah - Answer Civil religion - no matter what religion you follow, the fact that you are religious
means you are part of society. He believes that the faith in Americanism helps to unite the American
people
Secular society - Answer Durkheim believes that society has turned away from religion
Parsons - Ultimate questions - Answer Parsons believes that religion helps us answer eternal questions
( otherwise unanswerable questions) and creates social harmony
Parsons - justice - Answer He believes that religion leads to an idea of justice in the afterlife - you will
get what you deserve
Durkheim - collective consciousness - Answer The basic set of shared values, beliefs, traditions and
normals which makes social life possible.
Durkheim - main functions of religion - Answer -Value consensus (we all have the same values)
-collective consciousness (all think In the same way)
, Durkheim - cult of man - Answer His prediction that religion will no longer be needed as we will be too
busy / concerned with ourselves as individuals
Criticism of functionalist views on religion - Answer Society turning to religion to answer ultimate
questions is declining as science takes religions place
Marx and Engels - Answer Religion is a part of ideology, a systemised pattern of beliefs which obscures
and distorts the true nature of reality in ways which benefit the ruling class
False class consciousness - Answer A term for (often w/c) believing lies and accepting things as they are
An example of civil religion in the USA is... - Answer "God bless America" at the end of presidential
speeches
Parsons - an example of an ultimate question - Answer "Why do villains prosper?"
Marx - Religion as an illusion - Answer "Religion promises happiness, but the happiness it promises is
an illusion"
Marxists and functionalists agree that religion... - Answer has psychological advantages
Marxists may suggest that religion is compensation... - Answer ...and comfort for the working class
Marx's prediction - Answer He predicted a socialist revolution where the proletariat could overrule the
bourgeoise and then everyone could be equal
Neo Marxist - Views on religion - Answer Religion could help the oppressed. Religion could be used to
unite people and bring about change. (E.g. MLK)
Antonio Gramsci - Socialist revolution - Answer He said that if there is to be a socialist revolution, it
would require 'proletarian action' and must be guided by theoretical ideas (working class intellectuals)
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