3D spectrogram - answer-hybrid display (not a time or frequency display) because it is a combination of time and frequency. a) Shows us how the strength and its range of frequencies is changing or evolving over time from left to right along the x-axis. b) Shows frequency changes over time and chang...
COMD 5070 FINAL EXAM
3D spectrogram - answer-hybrid display (not a time or frequency display) because it is a
combination of time and frequency. a) Shows us how the strength and its range of
frequencies is changing or evolving over time from left to right along the x-axis. b)
Shows frequency changes over time and changes in amplitude of frequency
components whether they are weak or strong.
3D spectrogram features. (what are the 3 dimensions) - answer-Time
Frequency
Intensity
4 features of scientific method - answer-empirical
deterministic
predictive
parsimonious
A fourier analysis reveals ___ about a complex wave: - answer-x axis = frequency
y axis = amplitude
Peaks are individual harmonic components
Each column represents a frequency component and it splits individual sounds out of a
combined total to show the individual components and relative strength of those
components
A line spectrum shows...... - answer-the frequency components of a
periodic sound. A single vertical line represents a sine wave.
acoustic goal theories of speech [what do these theories say about how speech is
controlled?] - answer-"the targeted goal is the correct production of speech rather than
how that production is accomplished.
Acoustic Nasometry (how does it work conceptually) - answer-you have two
microphones. One is set above the divider plate, and one below. This divider plate is set
on the front of the person's face so it sits above the person's upper lip and below the
nose. So one of the microphones picks up energy that comes below the mouth, and the
other picks up energy that comes from the nose. The relative proportions of the energy
from these two microphones can be represented as nasalance. This is useful in clinical
assessments because you can determine if a person falls within normal limits for
nasalance for a given utterance. It can also be used to provide feedback during therapy
so the person can see how they're managing the oral nasal balance of speech
production.
Acoustic parameters that may change when a word is stressed: - answer-fundamental
frequency
intensity
duration
, Across category change - answer-Heard as different (when you span sounds out you
can hear change between sounds).
Anticipatory (forward) coarticulation - answer-earlier sounds are influenced by a later
sound .
ex: spoon which causes /s/ to lip round.
Any voice without any perturbation will sound______ - answer-artificial
Articulograph - answer-It's a very expensive and complex system. But it does represent
the gold standard in measuring articulatory movements. You can see a girl inside the
system. She has transmitters in front of her. Those white circles, one near her right at
hand, at the bottom, and one to the right of our view. These transmitter coils each send
out a different frequency. There are three more behind her that send out their individual
radio frequencies.
Notice coming from the corner of her mouth are small, white wires. These are attached
to sensor coils that would be on her tongue, lips, or face. The position of each coil is
tracked in a complex way by the computer software by figuring out how strong relatively
each frequency is from the six transmitter coils.
It does a form of triangulation in space to figure out in three dimensions where each
sensor coil is relative to the frame. It does this in real time, continuously updating
multiple times per second. You can imagine this system turns out a complex and large
data file. But it does allow us to extract from this data stream soup what is going on in
terms of the articulators, relative to the skull. This is an expensive system. It's about as
expensive as a high end European sports car or a small house.
auditory feedback [how does it help with learning to speak vs. how we control speech as
adults?] - answer-Feedback is essential for learning (babies experiment with feedback
to help them make adaptations so sounds match parents/caregivers). Feedback is also
important for quality control (e.g., adventitious deafness is when deafness occurs
postlingually and their quality of speech declines because they are lacking the
feedback. Patients that then received a cochlear implant improved their quality of
speech.) auditory feedback is very important as infants when first learning speech and
language. Aud fdback helps us learn association btw movements and their resulting
sounds.Once we r proficient speakers it is used more to maintain quality and not
moment by moment monitoring.
Averaging - answer-Done with repetitions of the same behavior order to get a composite
picture.
Band pass filter: - answer-allows a band of frequencies thru but removes higher and
lower frequencies
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