12 - answer-How many semitones are in one octave?
5.9% - answer-There are ________ more semitones in the octave before the last
a refinement of everyday thinking - answer-What is science?
Acoustic characteristics of burst aspiration - answer-Burst: on flow signal (waveform), shown as a pea...
COMD 5070 FINAL EXAM
12 - answer-How many semitones are in one octave?
5.9% - answer-There are ________ more semitones in the octave before the last
a refinement of everyday thinking - answer-What is science?
Acoustic characteristics of burst aspiration - answer-Burst: on flow signal (waveform), shown as
a peak with a drastically dropping pressure afterward on spectogram, shown as a black section
(with an abrupt start after stop closure)
Aspiration: may follow a voiceless stop
-only when stop is followed by a vowel
on a waveform: weaker noise signal
On a spectogram: weaker region of frication, and mostly in lower frequencies
acoustic theory of speech - answer-specifics of movement control are less important than the
acoustic/perceptual result. motor equivalence allows flexibility: there's more than one way to
achieve the goal
aerodynamic goal theory of speech - answer-speech sounds involve regulating pressure and
flow. Pressure stability relies on correct valving
affective prosody - answer-type of prosody: don't talk to me in that tone of voice!
articulatory theory of speech - answer-vocal tract configurations correspond to sounds.
Movement patterns are stored for retrieval and use
assessing articulation problems and provided biofeedback during therapy - answer-How is
palatometry useful?
Auditory feedback - answer-feedback is essential as babies babble, look for feedback and adapt
sounds as they start to mimic adult speech. It helps us learn the association between
movements and the sounds that result from those movements. As we become proficient
speaker, we use it in a more general sense to maintain the quality: quality control
backward/retentive coarticulation - answer-Influence of a later sound by an earlier one
band pass filter - answer-allows a band of frequencies though and holds back both higher and
lower frequencies
band reject filter - answer-holds back a band of frequencies and allows both higher and lower
frequencies through
categorical perception - answer-Not a gradual change when graphed, but rather an abrupt
transition. For example: when graphing people's responses when identifying whether they
perceive the /b/ sound or the /p/ sound at different VOT, when the VOT is 20 ms, about half
, perceive /p/ and half perceive /b/, The physical stimulus has been changed by a small increment
each time, however there was no perceptual difference between 0-10 but a large difference
between 10-20 meaning listeners tend to respond in a very non-linear way
categorical perception - answer-One type of quantal perception that occurs as we listen to
speech is called
central nervous system - answer-EMG electrical activity represents signals sent to the muscle.
These signals originate in the __________________________ and may reveal details of neural
control
closed-loop feedback - answer-we rely on incoming signals to guide our ongoing actions. the
adjustments that we make will help us correct and improve the results. Ongoing, leads to
corrective adjustments.
Cohort theory - answer-based on similarity of acoustic features of the beginning of words
continuous perceptions - answer-It's a continuous function, when graphed it provides a gradual
slope without any big gaps or jumps. Example: we can link intensity and the human perceptions
of loudness and any adjustments in intensity would result in slight changes in perceived
loudness
differences in vocal tract tube affect resonant frequencies, specific features change depending
on constriction locations, movement of tongue and other articulators - answer-What are
examples of a change to the filter?
discrimination experiments - answer-no need to label what was heard, the job of the listener is
to determine whether two stimuli were the same or different. Answer can be correct or incorrect
dominant language exposure gradually decreases discrimination of non-native speech features
- answer-research with infants has shown that
electrical activity measured during a muscle contraction following a neural stimulation - answer-
What does EMG show us?
electromyography, x-ray studies, and x-ray microbeam - answer-What types of instruments look
at the velum?
empirical, deterministic, predictive, parsimonious - answer-What are the 4 features of the
scientific method?
Esophageal pressure/balloon - answer--swallow sensor partway into esophagus
-measures the pressure on the shared wall of the trachea and esophagus
-pressure is lower than lung pressure
-not very practical or common
False - answer-T/F: perceived nasality is linked rigidly to VP port orifice size
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