4 Features of the scientific method - answer-1. Empirical - based on data 2. Deterministic - obeys physical laws (not random) 3. Predictive - if you do this ... then that will happen 4. Parsimonious - use the simplest explanation possible
a low pass filter - answer-blocks high frequencies
a s...
COMD 5070 EXAM 1
4 Features of the scientific method - answer-1. Empirical - based on data 2.
Deterministic - obeys physical laws (not random) 3. Predictive - if you do this ... then
that will happen 4. Parsimonious - use the simplest explanation possible
a low pass filter - answer-blocks high frequencies
a simple, low tech tool for a doctor to view a person's larynx is - answer-a laryngeal
mirror
a single vertical line on a line spectrum would represent - answer-a sine wave
amplitude vary in - answer-how big they are
an electroglottograph reveals details of voicing by: - answer-passing a current
across the vocal folds
another name for frequency domain is: - answer-a spectrogram
another name for line spectrum: - answer-power spectrum
continuous spectrum - answer-a spectrum that contains energy at all frequencies
deterministic means: - answer-that it obeys physical laws (not random)
difference limens (DLs) - answer-smallest detectable change in frequency, DLs
increase with stimulus frequency, as intensity decreases DLs become larger
each peak in a FFT spectrum is - answer-a harmonic
electromyographic (EMG) - answer-1.signal from the thyroarytenoid muscle 2. tiny
hooked wire electrodes inserted into the vocal folds 3. reflective of the neuro drive
from the central nervous system
empirical means: - answer-that it is based on data
fast Fourier transform (FFT) - answer-clearly shows harmonic energy, each peak is
harmonic, less clear at showing formants, more revealing of the source.
frequencies vary in - answer-there are many different ones to choose from
fundamental frequency (F0 or Fo) - answer-1. represents the repetition frequency of
the complex pattern 2. is the lowest frequency of a complex periodic tone 3. the
frequency of the complex wave is equal to the frequency of the lowest (frequency)
component sine wave.
harmonics are - answer-multiples of the fundamental
, HL - answer-Hearing Level
how does a electroglottograph receive information? - answer-two electrodes are
placed on either side of the neck, over the thyroid laminae, and a small current is
passed through
How many semitones are in one octave? - answer-12
How many semitones are in two octaves? - answer-24
if it's not harmonic it is - answer-noise
IL - answer-Intensity Level
in vocal modulation, the frequency changes over time are - answer-slow and
rhythmic
Intensity - answer-is measured in dB and intensity = amplitude
Inverse Square Law - answer-Intensity diminishes in proportion to the square of the
distance from the source.
jitter - answer-when each successive cycle deviates from this 10 millisecond
average by a tiny amount (a few microseconds) these differences are what we call
jitter. So jitter is a frequency perturbation [jitter = frequency perturbation]
line spectrum - answer-aka power spectrum the energy at each frequency is
represented by a vertical line, the height of which corresponds to the relative
amount of energy
linear prodictive codeing (LPC) - answer-shows spectral envelope, good at revealing
formants, does not show harmonics, more revealing of filter (vocal tract)
loudness is best measured by - answer-having a listener make a perceptual
judgement
Loudness is measured with - answer-a sound level meter (NO SUCH THING AS A
LOUDNESS METER)
Loudness perception - answer-a perceptual characteristic judged by a listener, can
NOT be measured by equipment, psychophysical scale links loudness to intensity
modulation sounds: - answer-rhythmic sounding and predictable (not random) [like
an opera singers voice]
Octave - answer-is the doubling or the halving of frequency (400Hz base, 800 Hz an
octave up, 200 Hz is an octave down)
on a spectrogram the x and y axes represent, respectively - answer-time, frequency
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