MN553 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY AND
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS – G ASTRO- CHAPTER 20,
CHAPTER 33 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Drugs Affecting the Gastrointestinal System - ANSWER -Antacids
Antidiarrheals
Cytoprotective drugs
Antiemetics
Histamine2 receptor antagonists
Prokinetics
Proton pump inhibitors
Laxative
Antacids - ANSWER -Action: neutralizes acids in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Metallic cation + basic ion
Common metallic cation:
Aluminum
Calcium
Magnesium
Basic anion:
Hydroxide
Bicarbonate
Carbonate
Different combinations have differing acid neutralizing capacities.
MN553 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS – Gastro- Chapter 20, Chapter 33 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
,Sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate have the highest absolute neutrophil
count (AN
Antacids Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER -Aluminum- and magnesium-based antacids
not absorbed with normal use
Chronic use increases absorption
Renally excreted
Calcium-containing antacids require vitamin D for absorption.
Excreted in feces
Antacids precautions/contraindications - ANSWER -Abdominal pain of unknown
cause
Calcium-based antacids contraindicated if patient is hypercalcemic or has renal
calculi. Magnesium-based antacids contraindicated in patients with renal failure
or renal insufficiency. Aluminum-based antacids should not be used in patients
with renal failure on dialysis.
Sodium content may affect patients with hypertension, congestive heart failure,
or renal failure
Antacids Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) - ANSWER -Magnesium-based antacids
may cause diarrhea. Aluminum- and calcium-based antacids may cause
constipation.
Antacids Drug Reactions - ANSWER -Many; may affect the absorption of most
drugs Separate antacid administration with other drugs by at least 2 hours.
Antacids: Clinical Use and Dosing
MN553 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS – Gastro- Chapter 20, Chapter 33 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
, Hyperacidity: antacids used for symptomatic relief of heartburn - ANSWER -May
take four times per day (QID) or more Discuss maximum dosages with patient
Antacids: Clinical Use and Dosing
Peptic ulcer disease - ANSWER -May be used as adjunct to peptic ulcer disease
(PUD) triple therapy treatment
Used after meals and at bedtime
Antacids: Clinical Use and Dosing
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD - ANSWER -Antacids are over-the-counter
(OTC) and often used first before patient seeks care.
May be given every 30 to 60 minutes until symptoms subside
Maintenance after meals and bedtime Histamine2 receptor antagonists or proton
pump inhibitors (PPIs) are first-line therapy.
Antacids: Clinical Use
Osteoporosis Prevention - ANSWER -Men and premenopausal women: 1,000 mg
daily Postmenopausal women: 1,500 mg daily
Doses higher than 2,000 mg/day not recommended
Antacids: Rational Drug Selection - ANSWER -Combination products have the
highest ANC Sodium content
MN553 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS – Gastro- Chapter 20, Chapter 33 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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