Beautification Principle - correct answer ✔✔associated with the operating system as a user/computer
interface
the OS masks the details of the hardware from the programmer and provides the programmer with a
convenient interface for using the system
What kinds of services should the OS provide? - correct answer ✔✔-program development
-program execution
-access I/O devices
-controlled access to files
-system access
-error detection and response
-accounting
Resource Management Principle - correct answer ✔✔associated with the OS as an efficient resource
manager
a computer is a set of resources for the movement, storage, and processing of data; the OS is responsible
for managing those resources
Kernel - correct answer ✔✔part of OS that contains the most frequently used/important functions in the
OS that must be kept in RAM
Why do operating systems need to change over time? - correct answer ✔✔-hardware upgrades
-new types of hardware
-new services
-fixes
, What effect does changing an OS have on its design? - correct answer ✔✔the system should be modular
in construction, with clearly defined interfaces between modules, and it should be well documented.
However, for large programs, such as the contemporary OS, straightforward modularization is
inadequate
Evolution of Operating Systems - correct answer ✔✔-Serial Processing
-Simple Batch Systems
-Multiprogrammed Batch Systems
-Time Sharing Systems
Serial Processing - correct answer ✔✔-no OS: programmers interacted directly with the computer
hardware
-computers ran from a console with display lights, toggle switches, some form of input device, and a
printer
-users have access to the computer in "series"
Problems with Serial Processing - correct answer ✔✔-scheduling: most installations used a hard copy
sign-up sheet to reserve computer time; time allocations could run short or long, resulting in wasted
computer time
-setup time: a considerable amount of time was spent just on setting up the program to run
Simple Batch Systems - correct answer ✔✔-user no longer has direct access to processor
-job is submitted to computer operator who batches them together and places them on an input device
-program branches back to the monitor when finished
Simple Batch Monitor POV - correct answer ✔✔-monitor controls the sequence of events
-resident monitor is software always in memory
-monitor reads in job and gives control
-job returns control to monitor
Simple Batch Processor POV - correct answer ✔✔-processor executes instruction from the memory
containing the monitor
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