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WGU D116 Pharmacology Review Part 1 (Advanced Pharmacology D116) – Questions & Answers
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WGU D116 Pharmacology Review Part 1 (Advanced Pharmacology D116) – Questions & Answers
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WGU D116 Pharmacology Review Part 1 (AdvancedPharmacology D116) – Questions & Answers
A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of Huntington disease. On admission,
the patient exhibits uncontrolled twitching, difficulty walking, trouble
swallowing, confusion, and memory loss. The advanced practice registered
nurse (APRN) prescribes baclofen.
What is the mechanism of action of this medication? Right Ans - NO
Modulates the effects of glutamate at NMDA receptors
YES Inhibits neurotransmitter GABA
NO Halts the breakdown of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase
Alters the synthesis and release of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
Incorrect. Cholinesterase inhibitors prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine
by acetylcholinesterase. They are used in patients with Alzheimer's.
Correct! Huntington's disease involves a deficiency of the neurotransmitters
acetylcholine and y-aminobutyric acid in the basal ganglia and extrapyramidal
system.
A 21-year-old patient accompanied by a parent comes to a clinic for an
emergency visit with an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) following
a seizure. Upon interviewing the patient and the parent, the APRN determines
that the seizure is classified by marked impairment of consciousness and is
followed by a period of central nervous system (CNS) depression.
Which type of seizure is this patient experiencing? Right Ans - Atonic
NO Myoclonic
YES Tonic-clonic
Absence
Incorrect. Myoclonic seizures consist of a sudden muscle contraction that lasts
for just one second.
Correct! A tonic-clonic seizure is a type of seizure that is also called a
convulsion. This type of seizure can include muscle stiffness, loss of
consciousness, and body jerking.
A patient has been taking oral oxycodone every six hours for back pain during
the past three years. The patient suddenly decides to stop taking the pain
medication and is trying an alternative therapy without a clinician's approval.
Which risk is of clinical concern? Right Ans - YES Physical dependence
,Correct! The patient suddenly stopping the medication will cause physical
symptoms that can range from nausea to seizures.
An advanced practice registered nurse has diagnosed a 44-year-old male with
depression. A plan is developed to start treatment with medication. The
patient has a history of sexual dysfunction and is concerned about taking
medication that may worsen this condition.
Which antidepressant has the benefit of enhancing libido? Right Ans - YES
Bupropion
Correct! Bupropion does not cause sexual dysfunction. This will help the
patient with a history of sexual dysfunction. This will enhance the patient's
libido, which will help with both depression and sexual dysfunction.
A patient is wheezing and short of breath. The nurse assesses a heart rate of
88 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, and a blood
pressure of 124/78 mm Hg. The prescriber orders a nonspecific beta-agonist
medication.
Besides evaluating the patient for a reduction in respiratory distress, the
nurse should monitor for which side effect? Right Ans - YES Tachycardia
Correct! Beta-agonists are used for asthma because of their beta2 effects on
bronchial smooth muscle, causing dilation. Beta1 effects cause tachycardia
and hypertension. Beta receptors do not exert effects on the bladder.
A patient is experiencing toxic side effects from atropine, including delirium
and hallucinations. Which medication should the provider administer?
Right Ans - YES Physostigmine
Correct! Physostigmine is the drug of choice for treating poisoning from
atropine and other drugs that cause muscarinic blockade. Donepezil is used to
treat Alzheimer disease. Edrophonium is used to distinguish between a
myasthenic crisis and a cholinesterase inhibitor overdose. Neostigmine does
not cross the blood-brain barrier and would not effectively treat this patient's
central nervous system (CNS) symptoms.
A patient brought to the emergency department requires sutures. The
prescriber orders a local anesthetic with epinephrine.
,The epinephrine is ordered to ___________. Right Ans - allow a reduced dose
of the anesthetic
Correct! Epinephrine prolongs absorption of the anesthetic because it is an
alpha1 agonist. It is frequently combined with a local anesthetic for this
purpose so the amount of anesthetic required may be reduced. Local
anesthetics do not induce hypertension; therefore, epinephrine would not be
needed to prevent it. Epinephrine does not act as an antiemetic and would not
reduce anesthetic-induced nausea. Epinephrine is not used to reduce the pain
of an injection.
A patient presents to an emergency room complaining of palpitations and
irregular heartbeat. The advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) places
the patient on a cardiac monitor and observes atrial fibrillation. The APRN
orders dofetilide.
How should the APRN recommend this medication be taken? Right Ans -
YES With food or an empty stomach
A 70-year-old male calls a clinic complaining of chest pain that started after
having sexual activity. He took sildenafil 50 mg about eight hours ago. He has
nitroglycerin 0.3 mg on hand.
How should the advanced practice registered nurse respond? Right Ans -
Do not take the nitroglycerin and call 911
Taking the medications together can cause a serious drop in blood pressure
leading to cardiovascular collapse.
A patient diagnosed with bipolar disorder who is in a mental health clinic is
discussing the possibility of beginning lithium with an advanced practice
registered nurse (APRN). The patient expresses understanding and wishes to
proceed with treatment. The APRN explains to the patient that this medication
requires specific lab monitoring and wants to draw baseline labs. The patient
asks why the test is needed.
Which explanation should the APRN provide to this patient? Right Ans - A
baseline blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREA) level needs to be
drawn to assess kidney function prior to treatment.
This drug can cause decreased renal function, and a baseline should be drawn
for future comparison.
, An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is reviewing the medications
that will be commonly experienced with a new nurse to determine whether
the drugs are safe for the patients. The new nurse is given a scenario where a
patient is being prescribed sildenafil 25 mg po prn, a prototype drug for
erectile dysfunction.
Which patient may take this drug safely? Right Ans - YES A 54-year-male
with a medical history of hypertension, mild eczema, and previous history of a
urolithiasis where all is well controlled and there are no current
complications
A 30-year-old patient presents to a primary care clinic with a history of
anxiety. The advanced practice registered nurse reviews the mechanism of
action by which many neuropharmacological agents act and decides to
prescribe citalopram.
What is the mechanism of action of this medication? Right Ans - YES
Influences receptor activity on target cells
Correct! This medication influences the activity in the receptors, and it targets
cells.
A patient has been diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD) and begins
treatment with carbidopa. After several months of therapy, the patient reports
no change in symptoms.
As the provider, you should do which of the following? Right Ans - Increase
the dose of carbidopa
Discuss the "on-off" phenomenon
Reevaluate the diagnosis
NO Add a dopamine agonist
Incorrect. Adding a dopamine agonist is not indicated.
A patient who is taking oral contraceptives begins taking valproic acid for
seizures. After a week of therapy with valproic acid, the patient tells the nurse
that she is experiencing nausea.
What should the nurse do? Right Ans - YES Ask the patient if she is taking
the valproic acid with food because taking the drug on an empty stomach can
cause gastrointestinal side effects
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