Semester 2: Final Exam: Antepartum,
Intrapartum, Postpartum, Newborn, Sem
2 Final exam
Presumptive signs of pregnancy - ANS Changes that the patient experiences that make them think they
are pregnant.
What are 7 presumptive signs of pregnancy? - ANS Amenorrhea, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, urinary
frequency, breast changes, quickening.
What is Amenorrhea? - ANS absence of menstruation
What is quickening? - ANS fetal movements felt by the mother
Probable signs of pregnancy - ANS Changes that make the examiner suspect the patient is pregnant
(typically changes with the uterus)
What are 8 probable signs of pregnancy? - ANS Abdominal enlargement, Hegar's sign, Chadwick's sign,
Goodell's sign, Ballottement, Braxton hicks contractions, positive pregnancy test, fetal outline.
What is Hegar's sign? - ANS softening and compressibility of the lower uterus
What is Chadwick's sign? - ANS deepened violet-bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucosa
What is Goodell's sign? - ANS softening of the cervical tip
What is ballottement? - ANS rebound of unengaged fetus
,Positive signs of pregnancy - ANS signs that can only be explained by pregnancy
What are 3 positive signs of pregnancy? - ANS fetal heart sounds, visualization of fetus by ultrasound,
fetal movement (palpated by experienced examiner)
What 2 tests can verify pregnancy? - ANS Blood and urine pregnancy tests.
What do pregnancy tests test for? - ANS human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). hormone that arises
during pregnancy.
How do they figure out EDD? - ANS Nagele's rule:
1st day of last menstrual cycle, minus 3 months, plus 7 days = estimated date of delivery
What is GTPAL? - ANS Gravidity, term births, preterm births, abortions, living children
Gravidity - ANS number of pregnancies
Nulligravida - ANS a woman who has never been pregnant
Primagravida - ANS a woman who is pregnant for the first time
Multigravida - ANS woman who has been pregnant more than once
Term births - ANS baby delivered at 37 weeks or more
Preterm births - ANS babies delivered from viability (22-25 weeks) up to 37 weeks
,Abortions/miscarriages - ANS pregnancy that does not reach 20 weeks gestation
living children - ANS number of children currently living
What 7 things should the patient be asked to assess their history? - ANS Reproductive/OB history,
medical history, nutritional history, family history, current medications, psychosocial history, abuse
history/risk.
What 3 things are done during a physical assessment at the first prenatal visit? - ANS baseline weight,
vitals, and pelvic exam
Why is mom's blood tested for blood type, Rh factor, and antibodies? - ANS determines the risk for
maternal-fetal blood incompatibility (erythroblastosis fetalis). If mom is Rh negative, Rhogam will be
given to prevent formation of antibodies to the positive blood antigens.
When is RhoGAM given? - ANS 28 weeks and within 72 hours of delivery
What is a normal fetal heart rate (FHR)? - ANS 110-160 bpm
What is a Biophysical Profile (BPP)? - ANS Assess fetal well-being by measuring 5 variables with a score
of 2 for each normal finding, and 0 for each abnormal finding.
What are the 5 variables of the biophysical profile? - ANS Fetal heart rate, fetal breathing movements,
gross body movements, fetal tone, and qualitative amniotic fluid volume.
What could abnormal findings of a BPP indicate? - ANS Chronic fetal asphyxia.
, What is chronic fetal asphyxia? - ANS Lack of blood flow to the fetus.
What is a nonstress test (NST)? - ANS used to evaluate fetal well-being in the 3rd trimester. Monitors
the response of the FHR to fetal movements.
What is a contraction stress test? - ANS Measurement of fetal heart rate in response to uterine
contraction (contractions can be induced with nipple stimulation or oxytocin)
What is placenta previa? - ANS The placenta abnormally implants in the lower segment of the uterus
near or over the cervix instead of attaching at the fundus. Could be a partial blockage or a complete
blockage.
What is abruptio placentae? - ANS premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, can be
partial or complete separation.
What are TORCH infections? - ANS Infections that can negatively affect a pregnant patient/fetus.
What 5 infections are considered TORCH infections? - ANS Toxoplasmosis, Hepatitis, Rubella,
Cytomegalovirus, and HSV
Group B Streptococcus - ANS A bacterial infection that can be passed to a fetus during labor and
delivery. Part of the normal flora for a non pregnant woman, but can sometimes be present while
pregnant.
What can Group B Strep cause for a neonate? - ANS Pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis,
and meningitis.
What can untreated Chlamydia during pregnancy cause? - ANS premature rupture of membranes,
preterm labor, and postpartum endometriosis.
